组学技术在绵、山羊繁殖性状研究中的应用

The Application of Omics Technologies in Relevant Studies of Sheep and Goat Reproductive Traits

组学技术是对特定生物学样本中存在的所有基因产物进行非目标性的鉴定,近年来,组学技术及其多组学技术联合应用成为研究复杂性状的主要方法之一。动物的生殖过程是中枢神经系统和内分泌系统共同作用的结果,是一个涉及多种组织器官、多个调控网络的复杂性状,针对某一个基因产物开展研究很难完整揭示繁殖性状及其调控规律。繁殖性状是绵山羊的重要经济性状之一,有关绵羊产羔数及其相关联的性状,先后利用基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组等技术开展了大量的研究。目前,单细胞测序、单细胞多组学、微生物组学等技术也已应用于绵山羊繁殖性状的研究中,在此基础上开展的多组学联合分析有望更进一步解析绵山羊繁殖性状的形成和调控规律。文章依据公开发表的文献资料,重点综述了组学技术(基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组)及多组学联合分析技术在绵、山羊繁殖性状上的研究现状,以期为繁殖性状的深入研究和提高绵山羊繁殖效率提供参考。

Omics technologies are the non-target identification of all gene products existing in specific biological samples.In recent years,multi-omics technologies and their combined application have become one of the main methods to study complex traits.The reproductive process of animals is the result of the joint action of the central nervous system and endocrine system,which is a complex character involving a variety of tissues and organs and multiple regulatory networks.It is difficult to completely reveal reproductive traits and their regulation by studying single or limited gene product.The reproductive trait is also one of the important economic traits of sheep and goat.According to the litter size and its relevant traits,researchers have carried out a lot of research work by using the technologies of genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome and so on.At present,single-cell sequencing,single-cell multi-omics,microbiology and other techniques are also used in to study the reproductive traits of sheep and goats.On this basis,the joint analysis of multi-omics is expected to further analyze the formation and regulation of reproductive traits of sheep and goats.Based on the published literatures,this paper focuses on the research status of combinatorial techniques(including genome,transcriptome,proteome and metabolome)and multi-omics joint analysis in the reproductive traits of sheep and goats,in order to provide a reference for the further study of reproductive traits and the improvement of reproductive efficiency of sheep and goats.