农业文化遗产:连接过去与未来的桥梁

Agri-cultural heritage:A bridge between past and the future

为了应对农业生物多样性减少、传统农耕技术和乡村文化丧失、食物与生计安全等问题,联合国粮农组织(FAO)于2002年发起了“全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)”保护倡议。在该倡议提出20周年之际,为了系统认识农业文化遗产的价值及其现实意义,科学分析农业文化遗产保护中的问题与发展前景,邀请了11位来自相关领域的知名专家和遗产保护实践者,进行了一对一的交流访谈,访谈内容包括:农业文化遗产与现代生态农业发展的关系;农业文化遗产的历史文化价值及现实意义;农业文化遗产与非物质文化遗产的关系;农业文化遗产对粮食安全保障的意义;农业文化遗产中农业生物多样性的特征与价值,农业文化遗产在乡村文化振兴中的作用与可持续旅游发展,农业文化遗产对国际公约履约与国际合作的支撑作用;中国典型农业文化遗产保护与发展实践经验等。访谈结果表明:以活态性、动态性、系统性为主要特征的农业文化遗产,蕴含着丰富的农业生物多样性、生态农业技术、传统农耕文化和结构合理的生态景观,对解决工业化和城镇化所带来的生态环境问题、促进农业可持续发展和乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。作为一种特殊的遗产类型,农业文化遗产保护需要建立全新的范式,在强调政府主导作用的同时,还需要建立政策激励机制、产业融合发展机制、多方参与及惠益共享机制,以充分调动当地农民的积极性。

In response to the loss of agricultural biodiversity,food and livelihood security,traditional farming techniques,and rural culture,the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems initiative in 2002.On the 20th anniversary of the initiative,to systematically understand the core values and practical significance of agri-cultural heritage and scientifically analyze the problems and prospects of agri-cultural heritage conservation,this article used“question and answer(Q&A)”to obtain a panoramic view of agri-cultural heritage from the host and eleven academic interviewees based on different perspectives.Experts expressed their opinions on a range of relationships between agri-cultural heritage and ecological agriculture,agricultural and intangible cultural heritage,historical and cultural value of agri-culture,the practical significance of agri-cultural heritage conservation and food security,agricultural biodiversity conservation,rural revitalization,implementation of international conventions,and theoretical thinking and practical exploration of the dynamic conservation of agri-cultural heritage in China.The interview results showed that these agricultural heritage systems with living,dynamic,and systemic characteristics contain rich agricultural biodiversity,ecological agricultural technologies,traditional farming culture,and the reasonable structure of the ecological landscape are significant,when dealing with eco-environmental problems brought by industrialization and urbanization,in the promotion of sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization.As a special type of heritage,agri-cultural heritage conservation needs to be based on a new paradigm while emphasizing the leading role of governments.In addition,it needs to establish policy incentives,industry integration development,and multi-participation and benefit sharing mechanisms to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local farmers.