以倡导为核心的环境社会工作方法体系构建研究

Research on the Construction of Environmental Social Work Method System with Advocacy as the Core

中国环境社会工作发展迅速,但整体上还处于国外理论介绍和实践自发阶段,推进中观层次的方法构建研究具有重要的学科发展和实务指导价值。在总结前人有关实务模式研究成果的基础上,结合团队实务经验,尝试构建环境社会工作倡导方法的一般框架:对象—目标—战略—策略—角色。运用方法框架分析实务案例,认为社会工作倡导法干预环境生态保护有三个目标类型:以政府为对象的政策倡导、以企业为对象的行动倡导和以民众为对象的观念倡导。在不同倡导类型中,社会工作者运用不同的战略和具体策略、承担不同的角色,对服务对象进行干预,以促进政策改变、行动实施和观念转变,最终促进环境友好行为,推进生态文明实践。

China’s environmental social work has developed rapidly in recent years, but on the whole, it is still in the stage of theory introduction and spontaneous practice. Promoting the method research at the mezzo-level has important theoretical research and practical guiding value. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results on the practical model, combined with the practical experience of the team, this paper attempts to build a general framework of the advocacy method of environmental social work: Object-Goal-StrategyTactic-Role;Using the method framework to analyze practical cases, it is considered that there are three target types of social work advocacy method to intervene in environmental and ecology: policy advocacy aimed at the government, action advocacy aimed at enterprises and consciousness advocacy aimed at the people. In different advocacy types, social workers use different strategies and specific tactics, assume different roles and intervene in the service objects, so as to promote the change of policies, the implementation of actions and the change of ideas, and finally promote environmental friendly behavior and promote the practice of ecological civilization.