中国硫化氢事故特点及防治方法探讨

Discussion on characteristics and prevention of hydrogen sulfide accident in China

为查明我国硫化氢事故的特点并提出有针对性的防治方法,分析了2011—2015年我国发生的较大及以上硫化氢事故。统计表明:硫化氢事故的死亡人数总体呈上升趋势,平均每年事故数为6.8起,死亡约30人,其中2015年死亡48人;行业分布上,污水处理、煤矿和非煤矿山行业事故占事故总数的70.5%,人员伤亡数占伤亡总数的73.8%。通过对事故中硫化氢来源分析,将硫化氢源划分为3类,总结了硫化氢源的积聚特点、同位素识别方法、事故特征和防治方法,在硫化氢事故中因施救不当或盲目施救易导致事故扩大。数据表明第3类硫化氢源事故占比为42%,其他2类事故占比均为29%。从事故发生时间看,第3类硫化氢源事故主要发生在6—8月,占该类事故的71.43%。研究对硫化氢事故防治、事故中气体来源判断具有重要意义。

In order to identify the characteristics of hydrogen sulfide accidents in China and propose targeted prevention and control methods,the larger and higher hydrogen sulfide accidents occurred in China from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed. Statistics show that:the overall number of fatalities in hydrogen sulfide accidents is on the rise,with an average of 6.8 accidents and about 30 deaths per year,including 48 deaths in 2015;industry distribution shows that accidents in sewage treatment,coal and non-coal mining industries account for 70.5% of the total number of accidents,and the number of casualties accounts for 73.8% of all casualties. Through the analysis of hydrogen sulfide sources in accidents,hydrogen sulfide sources were classified into 3 categories,and the accumulation characteristics,isotope identification methods,accident characteristics and prevention methods of hydrogen sulfide sources were summarized,which are prone to expand in hydrogen sulfide accidents due to improper rescue or blind rescue. The data show that the accident rate of the 3rd category of hydrogen sulfide source is 42%,and the rate of the other two categories of accidents is 29%. From the time of accident,category 3 hydrogen sulfide source accidents mainly occurred in June to August,accounting for 71.43% of such accidents. The study is of great significance to the prevention and control of hydrogen sulfide accidents and the sources of gas in accidents.