基于制度归因的我国稀土行业政策环评研究

Research on the Policy Strategic Environmental Assessment of China′s Rare Earth Industry Based on Institutional Attribution

研究针对正在制定的稀土行业政策开展政策环评,探索基于制度归因的评价模式。经分析和调研发现,稀土行业目前存在矿山开采植被破坏和水土流失严重,原地浸矿和冶炼分离水污染问题突出,稀土冶炼废渣存在放射性污染风险等几个突出资源环境问题。探究背后的制度原因,主要是矿山生态保护和土地复垦制度不健全,污染防治和清洁生产标准建设滞后,冶炼废渣处置利用管理系统性不强。对稀土行业政策优化提出以下建议:进一步突出行业和环境准入控制要求,增加稀土国家规划矿区编制要求。同时,稀土行业还应建立和完善以下配套制度:建立常态化环保督察制度,健全生态环境保护标准体系,建立稀土企业环境保护“领跑者”制度。

This study conducts a policy Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA)of the rare earth industry policy being formulated and explores an assessment mode based on institutional attribution.After analysis and investigation,it is found that the rare earth industry currently has following prominent ecological and environmental problems∶destruction of mining vegetation and soil erosion,water pollution in under in-situ leaching and smelting,risk of radioactive pollution of smelting waste.The institutional reasons are mainly that the mine ecological protection and land reclamation system is not comprehensive,the pollution control and cleaner production standards are lagging,and the disposal and utilization of smelting waste is not systematic.For the policy optimization,the industry and environmental access control should be enhanced;planning for the national rare earth mining area should be prepared.In addition,the following supporting systems should be paid attention∶to establish a normalized environmental inspection system,to improve the ecological environmental protection standard system,to establish an environmental protection"leader"system for rare earth enterprises.