碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料增韧改性研究进展

Review on toughening modification of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites

为改善碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料的脆性断裂问题,常通过树脂增韧和纤维改性等方式实现。本文从树脂改性、界面改性及结构设计3个方面综述了碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的研究进展。其中树脂改性主要有纳米材料改性、橡胶弹性体改性及热塑性树脂改性增韧等方式,通过增加填充粒子与树脂基体间键合来提高环氧树脂的韧性;界面改性主要是碳纤维表面改性,通过增加碳纤维表面活性官能团或多尺度进行表面改性,增强碳纤维和环氧树脂之间的界面结合性能,达到复合材料增韧的效果;复合材料结构设计主要是设计纤维铺层角度、厚度、结构,通过结构优化来增强复合材料的韧性。最后分析了3种改性方式存在的问题,并指出3种方式结合使用是未来复合材料改性的研究方向。

The brittle fracture of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites can be improved by resin toughening and fiber modification. This paper reviewed the research progress of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites from three aspects: resin modification, interface modification and structure design. The toughness of epoxy resin was improved by increasing the bonding between filled particles and resin by modifying nano materials, rubber elastomer and thermoplastic resin. The interfacial modification was mainly the surface modification of carbon fiber. By increasing the surface active functional groups of carbon fiber or enhancing the surface modification at multiple scales, the interfacial bond between carbon fiber and epoxy resin is enhanced to toughen the composites. The structural design of composite materials was focused on the design of the fiber laying angle, thickness and structure, in order to enhance the toughness of composite materials through structural optimization. Finally, the problems of the three modification methods were analyzed, and the future research directions of composite modification were pointed out based on the combination of the three modification methods.