词典功能视域下汉英词典儒学词的中观结构研究

On the Mediostructure of Confucian Words in C-E Dictionaries Based on Lexicography Function Theory

汉英词典儒学词的研究有利于凝练中国传统文化,提升文化自主性。词典中观结构能够完善词典的语义、语用和搭配关系,重建自然语言中的词汇语义网络。文章以词典功能观为理论框架,以英汉词典圣经词为参照,通过结构描述和对比分析,系统研究汉英词典儒学词中观结构的表征现状。研究显示,汉英词典儒学词中观结构总体同质,以形态网络为主,关注浅层认知功能,也涉及部分语法搭配。基于英汉词典圣经词的对比研究显示,汉英词典中观结构的简化特征明显,以传统的参见结构为主,这弱化了儒学词的认知功能。此外,图式表征不足隐化了儒学词的复合交际语境和互文结构,降低了儒学词的交际功能。文章对儒学词的分析有利于系统了解其中观结构现状,而词典功能理论则为改进汉英词典儒学词的中观结构提供了操作指南。

Researches on Confucian words in C-E dictionaries contribute to the conciseness and autonomy of Chinese traditional culture. Mediostructure is propitious to reestablishing lexical semantic network in natural language through the improvement of various lexical semantic, pragmatic and collocative relations of Confucian words fractured in dictionaries. Taking Confucian words and biblical words as research objects, the present study analyzes and rethinks profoundly the presentation status of the medicstructure of Confucian words through structural description and statistical analysis from the perspective of Functional Theory. It turns out that there exists a remarkable homogeneity among these Confucianism words in C-E dictionaries as a whole, with morphological network construction as the main representation method and conceptual spreading activation and syntactic framework construction partly involved.However, the traditional cross-reference structure is mainly adopted in C-E dictionaries leading to the weakness of Confucian words’ cognitive function, which indicates the simplification on Mediostructure representation of Confucian words compared with that of biblical words in E-C dictionaries. Furthermore, communicative context and intertextuality structure are not fully revealed due to the lack of schema representation in C-E dictionaries,resulting in the decreases in communicative function of Confucian words. Therefore, this study aims to provide a guide to improve the Mediostructure representation in dictionaries after the systematic analysis on the basis of Function Theory and contrastive analysis between Confucian words in C-E dictionaries and biblical words in E-C dictionaries.