安宁疗护病房中丧亲哀伤干预的启示

Implications of bereavement interventions in hospice wards

丧亲哀伤是安宁疗护病房中常见的一种心理过程,这种与丧失紧密相关的情绪常见于终末期患者及其家属、护工和安宁疗护多学科团队成员等主要照护者。顺利度过丧亲哀伤有助于居丧者迈入下一个人生阶段;未得到妥善处理的丧亲哀伤可能发展成复杂性哀伤,对居丧者的身心健康和社会功能产生不利影响。本文系统总结了丧亲哀伤的理论发展、成因及临床表现,展示了笔者在安宁疗护从业期间常规使用的操作工具——"四道人生",并详细阐述了丧亲哀伤辅导的操作模式,以期为安宁疗护行业从业者提供有价值的参考。

Bereavement is closely associated with dying and loss,and the overwhelming grief of death can spread widely among palliative and hospice wards,including end-stage patients,major caregivers,members of the families and multidisciplinary team of palliative and hospice specialist.When someone important to us has died,we lost losing both the person and the relationship,then the mourning stage would affect our physical and mental health and social function.Unsettled bereavement can develop into complex grief,so it would be essential for us to work through the mourning stage smoothly.The author shares the overview of theoretical development of bereavement,bereavement causes and clinical practices,elaborates an operation tool:the four “tao” compulsory life exercises,that uses during the hospice and the palliative care,and shows the practices of grief counseling and grief therapy,in order to provide the practical skills for hospice of China.