文化财产非法贩运行为国际刑事规制的强化探析

Analysis on Strengthening International Criminal Regulations on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property

文化财产非法贩运行为的国际刑事规制呈强化动向。参与此议题的国际机构越来越多,新的国际文件相继出台,所涵括的内容更为明确具体。这一强化动向是基于文化财产非法贩运行为后果的严重性以及跨国性特点,也得益于“人类共同遗产”理念的推动。我国应据此强化预防措施,加强国际合作,以防范和打击文化财产的非法贩运行为;应根据新的国际规则审视和修订现行文化财产立法,规制文化财产的非法进口行为,并考虑将其入刑;且应增加条款明确文化财产市场参与者的尽职调查义务及其相应的违法责任。

In the international panorama,there has recently been a trend towards favoring a greater use of international criminal law against“illicit trafficking in cultural property”.This trend is reflected in the increasing number of international organizations involved in this issue and the issuance of new international instruments with more comprehensive and specific contents.The trend towards criminalization is based on the serious consequences of the act of illicit trafficking and its transnational characteristic,also on the concept of“common heritage of mankind”.Under this trend,it is of great significance for China to strengthen preventive measures and international cooperation in combating against illegal trafficking of cultural property.China should also review and revise its cultural property legislation in terms of new international rules.Therefore we should regulate the import of cultural property,consider the possibility of criminal punishment,and add due diligence obligations and corresponding responsibilities of participants in the cultural property market.