北京市海淀区中小学生遭受校园欺凌现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and associated factors of campus bullying of primary and secondary school students in Haidian District of Beijing

目的 了解海淀区中小学生遭受校园欺凌情况及影响因素,为制定干预方案提供科学依据。方法 2021年9—10月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取海淀区1 906名中小学生,使用学生健康状况及影响因素调查表进行电子问卷调查。结果 海淀区中小学生遭受过校园欺凌报告率为4.3%,其中小学(7.6%)>初中(4.1%)>职业高中(2.5%)>普通高中(1.9%)(χ^(2)=23.49,P<0.01),男生(5.5%)高于女生(3.0%)(χ^(2)=7.44,P<0.01),6.9%的非正常家庭学生和3.9%的正常家庭学生遭受过校园欺凌(χ^(2)=4.24,P=0.04)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,小学学段的学生(OR=2.13)、非正常家庭(OR=1.07)、有吸烟经历(OR=2.28)、有被父母打骂经历(OR=2.49)、有打架行为(OR=1.84)更容易遭受校园欺凌行为(P值均<0.05)。结论 海淀区中小学存在校园欺凌行为,应引起学校和教育部门的重视,家校结合,针对重点人群开展有针对性的预防和干预措施。

Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District,and to provide scientific basis for intervention plan.Methods From September to October 2021,1 906 primary and secondary school students in Haidian District were selected by stratified cluster random sampling for electronic questionnaire survey,an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on students by using the questionnaire of the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire.Results The prevalence of campus bullying among primary and secondary school students in Haidian District was 4.3%,of which primary school(7.6%) > junior middle school(4.1%) > vocational high school(2.5%) > senior high school(1.9%)(χ^(2)=23.49,P<0.01),boys(5.5%) were more than girls(3.0%)(χ^(2)=7.44,P<0.01),students from abnormal families(6.9%) were higher than students from normal families(3.9%)(χ^(2)=4.24,P=0.04).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students in primary school had a higher risk of being bullied in school(OR=2.13).Abnormal family(OR=1.07),smoking experience(OR=2.28),experience of being beaten and scolded by parents(OR=2.49) and fighting behavior(OR=1.84) were positively correlated with school bullying(P<0.05).Conclusion Campus bullying is prevalent in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District,which warrents further attention of schools and education departments.Family-school partnership and targeted prevention and intervention measures for key populations are expected.