北京市2017—2020年中小学校环境健康影响因素分析

Associated factors of environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2017 to 2020

目的 了解北京市中小学校教学生活环境现状,为针对存在的问题开始干预行动提供依据。方法 2017—2020年每年下半年对北京市16个区年平均92所学校开展卫生状况调查,调查内容包括学校饮用水、食堂、厕所、宿舍管理和设备配置。同时对部分学校教室环境进行检测,每所学校抽取6间教室,检测内容包括教室人均面积、课桌椅分配符合率、黑板反射比、课桌面平均照度和均匀度、黑板平均照度和均匀度、噪声。结果 2017—2020年调查学校提供饮用水的方式主要以使用净水器或直饮水为主,2020年达到85.1%。城区学校建立学生食堂的比例不断增加,2020年90.5%的学校建设了食堂,郊区学校变化不大。学校厕所配置肥皂比例明显增加,2020年有92.0%的学校厕所全部配备肥皂。学生宿舍人均面积<3 m~2的比例逐年下降,2020年全部达标。教室人均面积、课桌面平均照度和均匀度、噪声合格率均高于80%,黑板平均照度和均匀度、黑板反射比、课桌椅分配符合的合格率低于80%。结论 近年来北京市教学生活环境有所改善,但仍存在一定问题。

Objective To understand the current situation of teaching and living environment in primary and secondary schools in Beijing and to provide basis for further intervention.Methods According to the national plan,an annual average of 92 schools in 16 districts of Beijing were investigated from 2017 to 2020,including school drinking water,canteen,toilet,dormitory management and equipment allocation.Classroom environment of some schools were tested,including the per capita area of classrooms,the agreement rate of desks and chairs distribution,blackboard reflectance,the average illumination and uniformity of desks,the average illumination and uniformity of blackboards,and noise.Results From 2017 to 2020,most of schools provided water purifiers and direct drinking water,accounting for 85.1% of all investigated schools.The proportion of students’ canteens in urban schools was increasing,accounting for 90.5% of all schools in 2020.And there was little change in suburban schools,reaching 85.1% in 2020.The proportion of school toilets equipped with soap increased significantly,92.0% of school toilets were equipped with soap in 2020.The proportion of student dormitories with a per capita area of less than 3 m~2 decreased by year,and all reached the standard in 2020.The qualified rates of various classroom testing indicators,including per capita area in classroom,desk illumination uniformity,and noises,were higher than 80%,while the qualified rates of the blackboard illumination uniformity,desk allotment were lower than 80%.Conclusion The teaching and living environment in Beijing has improved in recent years,but there are still some problems need to be solved.