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Feasibility study of large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system with a case study on Nanjing Happy Valley East Gate

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摘要 At present, the development and implementation of digital transformation are the keys to promoting high-quality industry development. The new digital fabrication method of robotic 3D printing is a research area being studied by many to tackle the issue of the declining productivity of traditional construction methods. Although many studies have been done, most of the current 3D printing projects are facing limitations in terms of scale. In order to bridge the gap, this article proposed a mass customization 3D printing framework system for large-scale projects. This article discusses how mass customization is made possible through the joint operation of the FUROBOT software and 3D printing hardware. By taking the east gate of Nanjing Happy Valley Plaza as a case study, the article demonstrates and studies the feasibility of the large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system.
作者 Philip F.Yuan Hooi Shan Beh Xuezhou Yang Liming Zhang Tianyi Gao
机构地区 College of Architecture and Urban Planning Fab-Union Technology Co.
出处 《Frontiers of Architectural Research》 CSCD 2022年第4期670-680,共11页 建筑学研究前沿（英文版）
基金 supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.21DZ1204500) National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1913603)。
关键词 Mass customization 3D printing Hardware-software integration Human-machine collaboration Digital fabrication
分类号 TP391.73 [自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]
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  • 1'As a result of the high level of information and the necessity of formalising this information,the focus of the architectural design shifts from dealing with geometries to analysing processes...The geometry of an object and the formal design of the finished product is no longer the starting-point for design but rather the production process itself,that is based on determined structural logics and specific material properties.
  • 2Robot-based non-standard assembly processes have the potential to be carried out without additional scaffolding,supports and other construction aids.Designing such assemblies therefore means analysing all construction stages individually and understanding their static equilibrium,as the project 'The Programmed Column' exemplifies.
  • 3It is not by chance that the brick,because of its 'generic characteristics',has been used for millennia and in diverse epochs and has remained free of stylistic determination.At this point,of course,Louis Kahn's unforgettable dialogue with a brick should be mentioned:'You say to a brick,"What do you want,brick?" And brick says to you,"I like an arch." And you say to brick,"Look,I want one,too,but arches are expensive and I can use a concrete lintel." And then you say:"What do you think of that,brick?”Bricksays:"I like an arch.".
  • 4Because the robot can insert information directly during the production process,an essential difference emerges from the integration of machinic prefabrication and assembly.This decreases the logistic complexity of providing all assorted building components and transporting them to the construction site in correct order; here,it is possible to reduce considerably the susceptibility to errors in the assembly process.Furthermore,tolerances do not accumulate since they are directly compensated through the integration of multiple fabrication processes executed by one machine.
  • 5It is no coincidence that we have given the identical name to a lecture series,which has been conducted since 2008 at the 'Architekturforum Zurich'.Its purpose is to discuss the different practices that are dedicated to the use of digital technologies in architecture.This concerns architectural,artistic and technical perspectives and historic,theoretical and cultural questions.
  • 6In 1849,Ruskin explains that the familiar forms of everyday life are imbued by God with the 'stamp of beauty' and that Gothic architecture,in its striving for a 'non-functional beauty of natural proportions and forms',adopts a moral attitude,attempting to reconcile ethics and aesthetics.参见.
  • 7Hence it was not an intentional goal,rather a side effect,that the building elements produced by the craftsman arrived at by these methods were unique,one-of-a-kind; the processing tolerances then were so huge that one could not speak of interchangeable products.The dimensional reference of a building component thus was not an absolute; rather it was a deduction from the hierarchy of the superimposing element or from a neighbouring element arrived at through unit-free,relative measuring and reworking.
  • 8With the introduction of industrialization into building in the late 19th century at the latest,the concept for standardization spread throughout a large number of construction-related trades.This led to an increased use of standardized build-ing elements and components such as standard parts described in detail in specifications,standard semi-manufactured components and identical parts produced in large quantities.The range of applications is commonly known,for instance,Le Corbusier's Domino House (1914),structural concepts such as the Mero Construction System (1928) by Max Mengering hausen and Fritz Haller's modular construction system,MAXI (1960),but also large-scale attempts as Richard J.Dietrich's Metacity Building System (1965),or Kisho Kurokawa's Nakagin Capsule Tower (1972).However,what all the attempts had in common was that standardisation,typing and serialisation were aesthetically reflected in the finished product,that is,they led to great abstraction in the resulting artefacts and their combined.
  • 9Die Rekonzeptualisierung der konstruktiven Physis (The Reconceptualisation of the Constructive Physis).
  • 10What distinguishes architectural robotic fabrication from current 3-D printing technology is architecture's intrinsic 'bigness',which turns material efficiency into an imperative,and has encouraged architecture to develop constructive processes and systems that make deliberate use of material properties (e.g.fibre direction in timber construction)-each one possessing its specific logic,implicit intelligence and field of application.For more information.

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Frontiers of Architectural Research
2022年 第4期

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