三亚老年旅居者地方融入过程与类型研究

Process and Types of Place Integration of Elderly Sojourners in Sanya

旅居养老以独特的流动性特征及引发的人与地方的关系,成为旅游地理学研究的前沿和热点领域。新文化地理学中关于微观化、生活化的研究预示着中国流动人口研究的新方向。文章借鉴Cutchin地方融入理论,揭示“流入-适应-重构-融入”的老年旅居者地方融入过程,剖析流动性范式下人与地方关系的微观变化。研究发现:旅居者与地方“联姻”,个体责任、对迁入地和迁出地的感知及依恋关系不断发生此消彼长的变化;旅游提供了陌生环境的进入及过渡,顺利开启了新的人与地方之间的关系;旅居者采取能动性策略,应对动态的问题情境,生活及情感重心逐渐从来源地转向旅居地;地方融入隐藏着个体、身份与地方的不断协商,促使个体从旅游者、旅居者转化为(新)三亚人;季节性移居带来明显的地方融入分化,将其划分为“融入地方”“依赖地方”“留恋地方”和“隔离地方”4种类型。该研究充实并完善了地方及地方融入的理论体系,丰富了老年旅居者研究内容,为旅居地社会问题协调与治理提供理论支持。

China has entered an aging society,and elderly care has become an important social problem.With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous rise of people’s living standards,the consumption and concepts of the elderly have undergone subversive changes,and the new elderly care methods continue to emerge.With the unique mobility characteristics and the relationship between human and place,elderly sojourning has become the frontier and hot field of tourism geography research.The research on microcosmic and life oriented in new cultural geography also indicates a new direction for the study of China’s floating population in the future.Based on the Cutchin’s theory of place integration,with human centered and time oriented,this paper reveals the process of“inflow—adaptation—reconstruction—integration”and analyzes the microscopic change of human—place relationship under the mobility paradigm.Place integration of the elderly sojourners is a process of environmental stimulation,individual perception,self-reflection and active participation.In the“marriage”between the sojourner and the city,individual responsibility,place perception and emotional attachment to the place where they move in and out are constantly changing.Tourism provides a pre-connection with Sanya and new environment entry.They adopt dynamic spatial strategies to deal with the dynamic uncertain problem situations,promote the change and transformation of lifestyle,social relations,customs,emotional belonging and other source elements.They gradually embed individuals into the social space of residence,from tourists and sojourners to(new)Sanya people,which is a process of continuous negotiation among individual,identity and place,and promotes the generation of multiple and complex meanings.Individuals and Sanya have gradually established a relationship beyond the physical environment.Sanya has changed from a“beautiful remote space”to a“place endowed with special emotions”through“continuous living experience”,that is,the place where the elderly“feel friendship,vitality and home”.Seasonal migration brings the obvious differentiation of place integration.The“integration into place”type is an ideal type,which shifts the focus of life and emotion,realizes deep embedding in the new environment.The“dependence on place”type focuses on the material function of the residence and constructs a positive mode of life,while the emotion towards the place is at a shallow level.The“nostalgia for place”type refers to the weak activity ability,but produces obvious emotional attachment to Sanya.The“isolation from place”type is characterized by self-centered isolation,and full of deep feelings for hometown.The research enriches and perfects the theoretical system of place and place integration,expands the research content of elderly residents,and provides theoretical support for the coordination and governance of social problems in sojourn areas.