功能性体育游戏对6~8岁儿童空间感的影响

Effect of functional sports on children’s spatial awareness aged 6-8 years

目的 探讨功能性体育游戏对6~8岁儿童空间感的影响,为提高儿童空间感能力提供参考。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,在郑州市1所小学的一至三年级选取125名6~8岁儿童作为被试,采用随机数字表法将其分为实验组(62名)与对照组(63名),实验组进行8周,每周3次,每次20 min的功能性体育游戏干预,对照组同步进行传统体育游戏项目。结果 干预后实验组6和7岁儿童相比对照组在深度知觉、方位知觉、空间知觉的误差值分别减小1.98 cm、2.88°、22.00 cm和1.61 cm、2.34°、17.99 cm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.07,-2.94,-3.07;-3.25,-3.29,-3.15,P值均<0.01);干预后实验组与对照组8岁儿童在深度知觉、方位知觉、空间知觉的误差值差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。实验组干预前后相比,6,7和8岁儿童在深度知觉、方位知觉、空间知觉的误差值分别减小2.30 cm、3.88°、28.05 cm,2.16 cm、2.15°、17.45 cm和1.16 cm、1.81°、9.10 cm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.50,9.04,7.35;7.39,10.30,11.05;4.67,4.46,14.14,P值均<0.01);对照组干预后与干预前相比,6~8岁儿童仅在空间知觉方面差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.13,6.71,8.93,P值均<0.01)。结论 功能性体育游戏干预可提升6~8岁儿童深度知觉、方位知觉和空间知觉能力,因此可以将功能性体育游戏融入到儿童的日常活动中,为促进儿童健康成长发挥积极作用。

Objective To examine the effect of functional sports training on the development of spatial awareness in children aged 6-8 years old,to provide a reference to improve children’s ability of spatial sense.Methods A class of 125 children aged 6-8 years from first,second,and third grades of an elementary school in Zhengzhou City were conveniently selected by stratified random sampling,who were divided into the experimental group(n=62) and the control group(n=63) by random number tables.The experimental group received functional sports intervention for 8 weeks,3 times a week,20 min each time,and the control group received traditional sports game program.Results After the intervention,the error values of depth perception,orientation perception,and space perception in the experimertal group of 6 and 7-year-old children reduced by 1.98 cm,2.88°,and 22.00 cm(6-year-old children) and 1.61 cm,2.34°,and 17.99 cm(7-year-old children) compared with the control group,respectively.Compared with those in the control group of 8-year-old after the intervention,and the differences were of statistical signifiance(t=-3.07,-2.94,-3.07;-3.25,-3.29,-3.15,P0.05).In the experimental group,the error values of depth perception,orientation perception and space perception reduced by 2.30 cm,3.88°,28.05 cm(6-year-old children),2.16 cm,2.15°,17.45 cm(7-year-old children) and 1.16 cm,1.81°,9.10 cm(8-year-old children) in children aged 6-8 years after intervention,significant improvement were observed compared with before intervention(t=8.50,9.04,7.35;7.39,10.30,11.05;4.67,4.46,14.14,P<0.01).Compared with before the intervention,children aged 6-8 in the control group only had significant differences in space perception(t=4.13,6.71,8.93,P<0.01).Conclusion Functional sports games can improve depth perception,orientation perception and spatial perception for children aged 6-8 years.It can be integrated into children’s daily activities to play a positive role in promoting the healthy growth of children.