高一年级学生同伴依恋同伴信任与孤独感的交互影响

Interaction between peer attachment,peer trust and loneliness in the first-year senior high school students

目的 探讨同伴依恋、同伴信任与孤独感的纵向关系,为青少年心理健康工作的高效开展提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样的方式选取贵州和山东2所高中的高一年级学生1 013名为研究对象,采用纵向研究设计,使用亲密关系体验-关系结构量表(ECR-RS)、同伴信任量表与孤独感量表,分别于2020年11月、2021年12月(T1)与2021年1月、2022年1月(T2)对学生进行问卷调查。结果 T1和T2两个时间点的同伴信任与依恋焦虑、依恋回避、孤独感均呈负相关(r=-0.50~-0.17,P值均<0.01),依恋焦虑、依恋回避及孤独感间均呈正相关(r=0.11~0.41,P值均<0.01)。T1依恋焦虑能正向预测T2孤独感(β=0.16,P<0.01),T1孤独感能正向预测T2依恋焦虑、依恋回避(β值分别为0.19,0.15,P值均<0.01);孤独感的稳定性相关系数大于依恋焦虑(CR=7.12,P<0.01),而同伴信任的稳定性相关系数大于依恋回避(CR=2.40,P<0.01)。结论 孤独感单向影响依恋回避和同伴信任,但与依恋焦虑间相互影响,且影响更大,心理干预应从减少孤独出发,促进依恋的发展。

Objective To explore the longitudinal relationship between peer attachment,peer trust and loneliness,and to provide reference for the effective adolescent mental health promotion.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 1 013 first-year senior high school students from 2 high schools in Guizhou Province and Shandong Province.A longitudinal design was adopted.The Revised Experiences in Close Relationships-relationship Structures Scale(ECR-RS),Trust Scale and University of California at Los Angels Loneliness Scale were administered in Nov.2020,Dec.2021(T1),as well as in Jan.2021 and Jan.2022(T2).Results Peer trust at two time points was negatively correlated with attachment anxiety,attachment avoidance and loneliness(r=-0.50--0.17,P<0.01),while attachment anxiety,avoidance and loneliness were positively correlated(r=0.11-0.41,P<0.01).T1 attachment anxiety significantly predicted T2 loneliness(β=0.16,P<0.01),and T1 loneliness significantly predicted T2 attachment anxiety and avoidance(β=0.19,0.15,P<0.01).Correlation between stability of loneliness was higher than attachment anxiety(CR=7.12,P<0.01).Correlation between stability of peer trust was higher than attachment avoidance(CR=2.40,P<0.01).Conclusion Loneliness affects attachment avoidance and peer trust unidirectionally.There is mutual influence between loneliness and attachment anxiety,with larger impact from loneliness.Intervention aiming for attachment promotion might consider loneliness reduction.