大城市产业结构升级背景下流动人口就业空间结构研究——以上海为例

A Study on the Employment Spatial Structure of Floating Population under the Background of Industrial Structure Upgrading in Megacities:A Case Study of Shanghai

基于2010—2017年上海市流动人口就业登记抽样数据,本研究分析了在产业结构升级背景下,上海市新增流动人口就业结构的演化特征,并探讨了不同行业就业空间分布的变化及其对城市空间发展的影响。研究发现,上海市流动人口就业主要集中在郊区,中心城区吸纳的比重在持续增加,流动人口受教育水平在不断提升;就业结构和就业空间分布的发展变化带来了行业空间格局的重组或强化,如制造业等在就业结构和就业空间分布上的剧烈变动,带来了就业分布的转移和新的空间集聚。就业空间转移和集聚表现出显著的地区分异,专业化地域分工局面愈发明显,制造业、租赁和商务服务业、科学研究和技术服务业、批发和零售业、金融业等行业向外围郊区发展,表现出向东南方向转移的趋势;房地产等则表现出由城市中心向西南部转移的趋势,而信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业等高端服务业则向城市中心集聚。据此提出了针对性的对策建议,以期为上海人口空间结构优化布局、产业结构升级建言献策。

Based on the sample data of employment registration of floating population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2017,in the context of industrial structure upgrading,we analyzed the evolution characteristics of employment structure of new floating population in Shanghai,and discussed the impact of changes in employment spatial distribution of different industries on urban spatial development.It is found that the employment of the floating population in Shanghai is mainly concentrated in the suburbs,the proportion of the central urban area is continuously increasing,and the education level of the floating population is constantly rising.The development and change of employment structure and spatial distribution have brought about the reorganization or strengthening of industrial spatial pattern,such as the drastic changes in employment structure and spatial distribution of manufacturing industry,which have affected the transfer of employment distribution and new spatial agglomeration.The spatial distribution of financial industry has not changed much,but the employment structure has changed greatly,and its distribution pattern has been strengthened.The transfer and agglomeration of employment space show significant regional differences,and the regional situation of industry specialization is becoming more and more obvious.Manufacturing,leasing and business services,scientific research and technical services,wholesale and retail,finance and other industries are developing to the surrounding suburbs,showing the trend of transfer to the southeast.Based on the research findings,specific countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.