高铁城际人流视角下的都市圈空间联系格局重构——以长三角沪宁沪杭走廊为例

The Reconstruction of the Inter-urban Network from the Approach of High Speed Rail Passenger Flow—Evidence from Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta

都市圈是城市群的发展引擎。目前,我国正在进行高速铁路的大规模建设,与公路相比,高铁的快捷和公交化运营大大改变了人流的集聚与扩散过程,使城际联系时间缩短、频率提升,也对都市圈的空间格局产生了重大影响。本文以长三角的沪宁、沪杭高铁走廊为实证案例,借助高铁城际人流的面板数据,分析了高速铁路对都市圈城际联系变化的影响作用。首先,构建高铁走廊的时间距离网络和人流联系网络;其次,对两个网络进行交叉分析,探寻不同都市圈空间层次城际联系的变化规律;最后,总结高铁都市圈联系格局变化的形成原因和影响规律。研究发现,高铁通过提升可达性促进了走廊上各中心城市都市圈的空间格局改变,它使人流进一步向都市圈集中,使都市圈的内部联系更为紧凑。在这一过程中,高铁对中心城市的城际联系促进更加明显,有助于高等级城市网络的形成,而位于不同中心城市之间的其他城市,则增加了与多个中心城市联系的机会,这也是高铁突破行政区划约束、推动都市圈发展的关键。研究结论可以为高铁引导的城市群与都市圈发展、区域交通基础设施的建设与运营管理等提供政策支撑。

The mega city-region(MCR)is considered as the engine of city cluster development.Nowadays,China has the largest operating and planned high-speed rail(HSR)network in the world.HSR changes the inter-urban connectivity by the reduced travel time and high-frequent service compared to road transport.How does HSR passenger flow influence inter-city connectivity of MCRs?Does it have wider impacts on the spatial organization of MCRs?Using HSR passenger flow panel data,this paper analyzed the impact of HSR on inter-urban connectivity of MCRs,with the Yangtze River Delta as an empirical case.Firstly,both time-distance and passenger flow network were constructed.Then,cross analysis was conducted to examine the pattern of inter-urban connectivity change in different dimensions of MCRs.Lastly,the causality between HSR passenger flow and MCR spatial organization was revealed and its mechanism is summarized.The results showed that HSR was conducive to change the spatial scope and structure of MCRs by improving accessibility.The passenger flows increased dramatically within MCRs,thus promoting the density of connectivity.In the above process,HSR played a role in facilitating the connectivity among central cities in the city cluster region and giving rise to the high-level city network.The conclusions provide implications for city cluster and MCR development,HSR construction and operation policy.