骨桥蛋白:糖尿病心血管并发症诊断和治疗的新靶点

Osteopontin: new targets for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus

骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)是一种多功能型的磷酸化糖蛋白、炎症细胞因子及促动脉粥样硬化因子,与许多生理和病理过程密切相关。糖尿病是一类高发的慢性疾病,而糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病以及糖尿病心肌病等心血管并发症是糖尿病患者致残致死、预后差的主要原因。高葡萄糖环境的持续刺激会促进OPN的过表达,而OPN又可能通过多种机制导致糖调节功能受损、糖耐量异常和胰岛素抵抗,最终导致葡萄糖升高及糖尿病的发生。另外,循环及组织中高水平的OPN表达与糖尿病心血管并发症有一定的关联,可能作为糖尿病心血管并发症可预测的生物标志物及治疗靶点。基于此,本文将对OPN的结构、功能进行概述,同时阐述OPN在糖尿病及其心血管并发症中的作用机制及关联。

Osteopontin(OPN) is a multifunctional phosphorylated glycoprotein, inflammatory cytokine and pro-atherosclerotic factor, which is closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. Diabetes mellitus is a high-incidence chronic disease, and cardiovascular complications such as diabetes nephropathy(DN), diabetes retinopathy(DR), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD), and diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) are the main causes of disability, death and poor prognosis in diabetes patients. Recent studies have confirmed that continuous stimulation of high glucose environment can promote the overexpression of OPN, and OPN may lead to impaired glucose regulation, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance through various mechanisms, eventually leading to elevated glucose and the occurrence of diabetes. In addition, high levels of OPN expression in circulation and tissues are associated with diabetic cardiovascular complications, and may serve as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for diabetic cardiovascular complications. Based on this, this article will summarize the structure and function of OPN, and describe the mechanism and relationship of OPN in the progression of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.