相分离形成机制及其在病毒感染中的作用

Mechanism of phase separation formation and its role in viral infection

液-液相分离(liquid-liquid phase separation,LLPS)是胞内分子因理化性质自发形成聚集或分离而形成的无膜细胞器,在细胞生命活动中扮演重要角色。近年来,相分离参与病毒感染过程的研究逐渐增多,揭示了相分离在病毒生命周期中的重要作用,该领域已成为一个新的研究热点。尽管如此,我们对相分离的认识仍然处于起步阶段,与病毒感染相关的研究还不够完善。因此,本文将从相分离形成机制和相分离在病毒感染过程中的作用两方面进行阐述,目的在于通过了解相分离形成机制结合现有相分离在病毒学中的研究,重新审视病毒如何增强自身复制和逃避宿主免疫等相关问题,为抗病毒策略的研发提供一条新思路。

Liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS) is a membrane-free organelle formed by spontaneous aggregation or separation of intracellular molecules due to physicochemical properties, which plays an important role in cell life activities. In recent years, the research on phase separation involved in the process of virus infection has gradually increased, which has become a new research hotspot to reveal the important role of phase separation in the virus life cycle. However, our understanding of phase separation is still in its infancy,and the research on viral infections is incompletely illustrated. Therefore, this paper will elaborate from two aspects: the formation mechanism of phase separation and the role of phase separation in the process of viral infection. The purpose is to re-examine how the virus can enhance its own replication and evade host immunity by understanding the formation mechanism of phase separation and combining with the existing research of phase separation in virology, to provide a new idea for the development of antiviral strategies.