运动调节神经炎症改善阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

Research progress of exercise-regulated neuroinflammation on improving Alzheimer’s disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种常见的慢性神经退行性疾病,其发病过程伴随着认知功能和学习记忆能力的下降。脑内神经炎症在一定程度上反映了中枢神经系统的状态,对维持大脑功能稳定具有重要作用,此外,脑内神经炎症诱导的炎症反应也与AD病理进程密切相关。小胶质细胞(microglia,MG)、星形胶质细胞(astrocyte,AS)、髓系细胞触发受体2(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2,TREM2)、NLRP3炎症小体和miRNA可通过调节脑内神经炎症的途径影响AD病理进程。同时,运动作为一种预防和治疗AD的非药物干预手段,可通过上调TREM2表达水平,下调NLRP3炎症小体含量,调节MG、AS和miRNA活化水平的途径,从而抑制脑内炎症反应,发挥神经保护作用,进而延缓AD病理进程。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease that is accompanied by a decline in cognitive function and learning and memory. Neuroinflammation in the brain reflects the state of the central nervous system to a certain extent and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of brain function, in addition, the inflammatory response induced by neuroinflammation in the brain is also closely related to the pathological process of AD. Microglia(MG), astrocytes(AS), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2(TREM2), NLRP3 inflammasomes, and miRNA can influence the pathological progression of AD by modulating neuroinflammation in the brain. As a non-drug intervention to prevent and treat AD,exercise can inhibit the inflammatory response in the brain, delay the pathological process of AD, and thus exert a neuroprotective effect by upregulating TREM2 expression, downregulating the content of NLRP3inflammatronous bodies, and regulating MG, AS and miRNA activation levels.