论幼儿的自主性及其培养体系

On Children's Independence and Educating System

幼儿的自主性包含生理自主、自我自主、理性自主、道德自主4个层级,分为情意自主、认知自主和行为自主3个维度。幼儿自主性的培养目标为:认识自我自主为基,践行理性自主为重,发展道德自主为本;重点践行行为自主,着重理解认知自主,强化体验情意自主。幼儿自主性的培养应当以游戏为基本活动,以生活为主要内容,以自然环境为主要场域,具体表现为:教师放手,减少代劳;规则自主,幼儿自决;理性完善,自主探索。本文依据幼儿年龄特点提出幼儿自主性培养的目标、内容和途径。

Children's independence embodies in four layers,respectively of physiological independence,self-independence,rational independence and moral independence,within three aspects including emotional independence,cognitive independence and behavioural independence.The educating objectives of children's independence are taking self-awareness as the foundation,practicing rational independence as the priority,and developing moral independence as the principle.The system focuses on practicing behavioural independence with better understanding of cognitive independence to strengthen experiencing emotional independence.The cultivation of children's independence should take games as the basic activities,life as the main content,and the natural environment as the major field.For example,teachers let go and provide less assistance;children make decisions on their own according to rules;children make independent exploration with the help of rational independence.Considering the characteristics of children's age,this paper puts forward the objectives,contents and approaches of children's independence cultivation.