炎性细胞因子在糖尿病视网膜病变发病中的作用

Role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of diabetes retinopathy

血管内皮生长因子、白介素-1、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子等炎性细胞因子在糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的发生发展中起着重要作用,可诱导白细胞活化和迁移,导致毛细血管阻塞、视网膜缺氧及内皮细胞损伤,进而血-视网膜屏障破坏,视网膜出现水肿、出血、渗出和微动脉瘤形成。视网膜在持续的炎性反应和细胞因子刺激下,局部病理性新生血管增生,加重了DR进展。玻璃体和房水中的炎性因子与DR的进展有关。在免疫病理学上,炎症过程诱导了一系列复杂的分子和细胞信号传导,改变了患眼组织的生理反应,产生炎症表型。这些炎性生物标志物可评估炎症过程,可靠、易获得的炎性生物标志物将为开发新的DR生物标志物及其治疗提供有价值的信息。

Vascular endothelial growth factor,interleukin-1,interleukin-8,tumor necrosis factor and other inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes retinopathy(DR),which can induce the activation and migration of leukocytes,leading to capillary obstruction,retinal hypoxia and endothelial cell damage.Then the blood retinal barrier ruptured,and edema,hemorrhage,exudation and microaneurysm formed in the retina.Under the stimulation of persistent inflammatory reaction and cytokines,local pathological neovascularization occurs in the retina,which aggravates the progression of DR.Inflammatory factors in vitreous and aqueous humor are related to the progression of DR.In immune pathology,the inflammatory process induces a series of complex molecular and cellular signaling,which changes the physiological response of the affected eye tissues,thereby generating an inflammatory phenotype.These inflammatory biomarkers can evaluate the inflammatory process,and reliable and easily available inflammatory biomarkers will provide valuable information for the development of new DR biomarkers and their treatments.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,2022,46:327-332)