甜瓜自然单性结实性研究初报

Preliminary study on parthenocarpy of Cucumis melo L

为探讨甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)自然单性结实性,采用自然开放授粉(OP)、蕾期去雄套袋(EM)以及花期人工授粉(AP)3种处理方法,研究并评价了不同类型的24个甜瓜自交系的结实能力。结果表明,在供试的24个甜瓜自交系中,有6个自交系可以在蕾期去雄套袋的情况下坐果(坐果率5.50%~43.76%,坐果株率20%~37.5%),且果实成熟后无饱满种子,说明这6个自交系具有自然单性结实能力。除A715外,另5个甜瓜自交系经蕾期去雄套袋处理的成熟果实纵径、横径、单瓜质量、果肉厚度和中心可溶性固形物含量与人工授粉处理结果差异不显著。综上,在甜瓜中存在自然单性结实性,具有自然单性结实性的甜瓜品种可以在未经授粉的情况下生产出与人工授粉处理产量和品质相当的甜瓜果实。

In order to investigate the natural parthenocarpic ability of different melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasms,24 melon inbred lines were selected to evaluate the parthenocarpic ability by three treatments:open pollination(OP),emasculation and bagging(EM)and artificial pollination(AP).It was found that six inbred lines were able to set seedless fruits in EM treatment,the percentage of fruit setting(percentage of parthenocarpy)ranged from 5.50%to 43.75%,and the percentage of fruit setting plants ranged from 20%to 37.5%.Moreover,no significant difference of fruit size,flesh thickness and soluble solid content were observed between the EM and AP treatment among the 5 inbred lines,except A715.Results suggest that some melon cultivars have parthenocarpic characteristic,and melon inbred lines are able to develop normal fruits without artificial pollination.