河南省县域控肥效果分异与分类调控研究

Differentiation and Classified Regulation of Fertilizer Control Effect at County Level in Henan Province

以河南省为例,通过分析粮食产量与化肥投入的时序特征,识别出化肥投入-粮食产量演化的关键时间节点,利用弹性系数法刻画控肥行动实施后县域间化肥投入的时空分异特征,提出控肥分区调控方案.结果表明:2006年以后,河南省粮食单产增幅放缓,粮食产量增长主要靠扩大播种面积来维持,故将2006年各县市单位面积化肥折纯使用量作为近期相关化肥投入的上限“参照值”,有利于推动控肥政策的落地实施;化肥零增长行动以来,粮食生产有向产粮核心区集中的趋势,产粮大县的化肥使用还保持着高位投入的惯性,化肥减量显著的区域主要分布在生态山区.建议未来河南农业发展的重心放在标准化农田建设和农业良种开发上,通过规模化经营、标准化管控,克服粮食生产对化肥投入的过度依赖.

Taking Henan Province as an example,this study identified the key time nodes in the evolution of grain yield-fertilizer input by analyzing the temporal characteristics of grain yield and fertilizer input,and used the elastic coefficient method to describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of fertilizer input among counties,and the zoning regulation scheme of fertilizer control was proposed.The results showed that the growth rate of grain yield per unit area slowed down in Henan Province after 2006,and the increase of grain yield was mainly maintained by expanding the sown area of grain crops.Taking the net amount of fertilizer per unit area of each county and city in 2006 as the upper limit of fertilizer input“reference value”in recent years,it was beneficial to promote the implementation of fertilizer control policy.After zero-growth action of chemical fertilizer,grain production tended to be concentrated in the core areas of grain production,and the use of chemical fertilizer in major grainproducing counties still maintained the inertia of high input.The areas with significant reduction of chemical fertilizer were mainly distributed in ecological mountainous areas.It is suggested that the focus of Henan’s agricultural development should be on standardized farmland construction and agricultural seed development in the future,and the excessive dependence of grain production on fertilizer input should be overcome through large-scale operation and standardized control.