史官文化影响下的中国古代历史书写

The Ancient Chinese Historical Writings Under the Influence of the Historiographer Culture

在中国文化中历史文化最为发达,影响也最深远,长期以来,形成了三种不同模式的历史书写,即:史官叙事、文人叙事和民间叙事。史官占有得天独厚的条件,其撰述形式多样,对历史的书写比较客观、全面,但带有较强的正统色彩。文人有强烈的“补史”意识,其历史书写多属民间视野,形式灵活多样,具有明显的文人趣味。民间叙事带有鲜明的倾向性,往往将历史叙事简约化、故事化,人物形象传奇化。历史小说创作受到了这三种历史叙事的影响,在融各家之长的基础上强化了艺术性,使历史书写变得更为灵动,就历史知识的普及、传播而论,其作用甚至超过了正史,因而成为中国古代历史书写中不可分割的一个部分。

In Chinese culture,the historical culture is the most developed and of the most far-reaching influence.For a long time,there have been three different modes of historical writings:historiographer narrative,literati narrative,and folk narrative.Among them,the historiographers’are relatively diversified,objective,comprehensive,and orthodox due to their unique social status.The literati narrative,is flexible and varied,with a folk perspective.Writers of this type always have an intense sense of“making up the history”and often write out of an obvious literati curiosity.The third type,the folk narrative,has a distinct tendency of simplifying the historical narration,turning history into a story,and vesting the characters with legends.Nourished by these three historical narratives,historical novels are more artistic and flexible,even more influential than the official historical writings in terms of the spread and dissemination of historical knowledge.In that sense,historical novel is an inseparable part in ancient Chinese historical writings.