上海市金山区某镇小学生家长的近视防控意识

Myopia prevention and control awareness of parents of primary school students in a town of Shanghai

【目的】调查了解小学生家长近视防控意识,为家庭近视防控提供思路和参考。【方法】对吕巷镇2所小学1~5年级学生的全部家长进行问卷调查,内容包括家长基本情况、近视防控相关认知、态度、行为等4个部分。运用软件Stata 14.0进行统计分析,分析方法包括一般描述性分析、χ^(2)检验等。【结果】回收有效问卷1012份。知晓方面,家长们对“用眼距离经常小于30 cm”“用眼时灯光昏暗或不够明”“用眼时间经常持续2 h以上”等危险因素知晓率较高,但对“每天户外活动少于1 h”和“每天睡眠小于7 h”等知晓率却很低。认知方面,多数家长对近视“可能会致盲”的认识不足。态度方面,90%以上家长防控近视意愿很强,期望开展“家校联合”近视防控。行为方面,家长获取近视知识期望途径(微信、专家讲座、医疗卫生机构宣传)与实际途径(学校宣传、电视广播、书籍报纸杂志)有较大差距。【结论】应选择家长们期望的途径,大力开展健康教育,提高家长对近视相关知识的认知,并落实“家校联合”近视综合防控措施。

[Objective]To investigate awareness of myopia prevention and control in parents of primary school students,providing reference for family myopia prevention and control.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among all parents of students from Grade 1 to 5 in two primary schools in Lvxiang. The survey included four parts: basic situation of parents,cognition,attitude and behavior related to myopia prevention and control. The data obtained were analyzed by Stata 14.0 statistical software,including general descriptive analysis,Chi square test.[Results]A total of 1 012 valid questionnaires were collected in terms of knowledge,indicating that parents had a higher awareness rate of risk factors such as “eye distance is often less than 30 cm”,“dim light or insufficient light when using eyes”,“eye time often lasts more than 2 hours”,but a lower awareness rate of “outdoor activities less than 1 hour a day” and “sleep less than 7 hours a day”. In terms of cognition,most parents had insufficient awareness of myopia “may cause blindness”. In terms of attitudes,more than 90% of parents had strong willingness to prevent and control myopia,hoping to carry out “home-school combination” myopia prevention and control. In terms of behavior,there was a big gap between parents’ expectation channels to acquire myopic knowledge(Wechat,expert lectures,propaganda of medical and health institutions)and actual channels(school propaganda,television broadcasting,books,newspapers and magazines).[Conclusion]Health education should be vigorously carried out to improve parents’ awareness of myopia-related knowledge and to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures of “home-school combination” myopia through the way expected by parents.