欧盟外国补贴监管立法趋势及潜在影响剖析——基于WTO反补贴规则改革视角

Trends and Possible Impacts of EU’s Regulation on Foreign Subsidies——A Perspective from WTO Countervailing Rules Reform

欧盟委员会于2021年发布了《外国补贴条例(草案)》,其采用的是竞争法与贸易救济法融合的立法模式,对补贴含义的界定基本上是承袭了欧盟国家援助制度中的定义方法,较之WTO中的补贴含义更为宽泛。该草案未对外国补贴设置豁免条款,意味着欧盟对外国补贴的监管更加严格。该草案的最新动态体现了贸易保护主义进一步抬头的趋向,也反映出了其欲对现行WTO反补贴规则进行改革的立场,其中的补贴认定方法、监管方式将对WTO反补贴规则改革及其他国家的反补贴立法带来示范性效应,给我国政府的产业政策和企业的合规性经营带来压力。对此,我国可以从推进恢复WTO框架下的不可诉补贴规则谈判,改革产业政策和公平竞争机制,以及引导在欧经营企业的合规管理等三个方面予以应对。

The European Commission has unveiled a proposal on Regulation on Foreign Subsidies Distorting the Internal Market, which adopts a legislative mode that integrates competition law and trade remedies law,and defines “subsidy” based on EU’s existing state aid control regulations. One of the most significant features of the new draft legislation is that the definition of “subsidy” is much broader, and also it contains more stringent rules on foreign subsidies as it does not provide for exemptions for foreign subsidies. The latest development of the draft legislation reflects the trend of further increase of trade protectionism and EU’s position to reform the current WTO countervailing rules. The method of subsidy identification and regulation in the draft legislation will bring exemplary effect to the reform of WTO countervailing rules and countervailing legislation of other countries, which will bring pressure to the industrial policy of our government and the compliance operation of enterprises. In this regard, China can respond in three ways:promoting the resumption of negotiations on non-actionable subsidies rules under the WTO framework,reforming industrial policies and fair competition mechanisms, and guiding the compliance management of Chinese enterprises in Europe.