棉秆基活性炭对棉花生长及新疆南疆沙化土壤物理性质影响

Effects of cotton stalk based activated carbon on cotton growth and physical properties of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang

本试验针对新疆南疆地区土壤沙化现象严重,棉秆资源未得到高效利用的问题,分别以NaOH、H_(3)PO_(4)和ZnCl_(2)为活化剂制备棉秆基活性炭,研究其对棉花生长和土壤性能影响。结果表明:NaOH体系在现蕾期对棉花生长有抑制作用,而在吐絮期对棉花生长有促进作用;ZnCl_(2)体系在现蕾期促进株高增加,而在后期对株高影响强度减弱,仅为0.4%。NaOH体系、H_(3)PO_(4)体系和ZnCl_(2)体系使棉花产量较对照组分别提高了18.5%、8.3%和-3.5%。因活性炭自身的理化性质,使得土壤容重和毛管孔隙度增加,非毛管孔隙度减少,土壤水分蒸发减缓,保水性能提高。经NaOH活化的棉秆基活性炭有效增加了棉花对磷与钾的吸收。

In view of the serious soil desertification and the inefficient utilization of cotton stalk resources in southern Xinjiang,cotton stalk based activated carbon was prepared with NaOH,H_(3)PO_(4) and ZnCl_(2) as activators respectively,and its effects on cotton growth and soil properties were studied.The results showed that NaOH system inhibites the growth of cotton in the budding stage,while it promotes the growth of cotton in the boll opening stage.ZnCl_(2) system promotes the increase in the plant height in the budding stage,but the effect on plant height is weakened in the later stage,showing the growing height is only 0.4%.In addition,compared to the control group,the cotton yield of NaOH,H_(3)PO_(4) and ZnCl_(2) system increased by 18.5%,8.3%and-3.5%respectively.Due to the physicochemical properties of activated carbon,the soil bulk density and capillary porosity were increased,the non capillary porosity was reduced,the water evaporation from soil was slowed down,and then the performance of water retention was improved.Cotton stalk based activated carbon activated by the NaOH effectively promoted the absorption of phosphorus and potassi-um during the growth of cotton.