交友之道:青少年同伴关系的影响因素研究

Influencing Factors on Adolescent Peer Acceptance

同伴关系对青少年的健康成长至关重要。青少年同伴关系的形成以及家庭社会经济地位在这一过程中所起的作用,对于理解教育不平等和代际流动都有重要意义,但既有的研究发现并不一致。本文从社会分层视角出发,检验了家庭社会经济地位对青少年同伴接纳度的影响,并尝试探究其中介机制。研究发现,家庭社会经济地位和个人层面的积极特性(如较高的学业成绩、自我效能感、有体育爱好)分别对青少年的同伴接纳度产生独立的正向影响。其中,非认知能力和文体爱好并非家庭社会经济地位影响青少年同伴接纳度的中介机制,只有认知能力起到微弱的中介作用,即家庭社会经济地位的部分效应通过认知能力作用于同伴接纳度。

Peer relationship is essential for the healthy growth of adolescents.Positive peer relationships serve as fundamental support for adolescents to successfully pass through puberty,while negative peer relationships such as rejection and bullying may increase the risk of depression and hinder cognitive development.The formation of adolescent peer relationships and the role of family socioeconomic status in this process are important for understanding educational inequality and intergenerational mobility.This paper examines the impact of family socioeconomic status on adolescent peer acceptance from the perspective of social stratification and explores its mediating mechanism,and discuss whether the mediation mechanism is differentiated among groups of different social classes.The data used in this paper is from China Education Panel Study(CEPS)for the school year of 2013-2014.This study finds:(1)socioeconomic status has positive effects on adolescent peer acceptance,students whose parents have college education and above enjoy significant higher peer acceptance than those whose parents have high-school or below educational level;and(2)positive traits at individual-level,such as higher academic performance,self-efficacy,and sports hobbies,have a significant positive impact on peer acceptance,while art hobbies do not.Among them,only cognitive ability(academic performance)has slight mediating effect that transfers part of socioeconomic effect to adolescent peer acceptance.These findings show that in the context of Chinese middle schools,parental involvement in children’s peer network is relatively low,possibly indicating that the inequality of family socioeconomic status is not passed on to classmate relationships.However,it may also mean that we have not yet found the real mechanism between family socioeconomic status and adolescent peer relationships,and further exploration is needed.