动作与能量代谢视角下的体能

Physical Fitness in the Perspectives of Movement and Energy Metabolism

体能是一个被广泛使用而尚存争议的概念,动作与能量代谢为认识体能、开展体能训练和测试提供了一个新的视角。在定义上,体能可以进行狭义和广义的区分,二者对应的人群为运动员和所有人,对应的英文概念分别为strength and conditioning和(physical) fitness。体能可以定义为以动作为载体,注重动作的灵活性、稳定性和功能化,在神经系统的支配下和三大供能系统的能量供给下的人体对外做功的能力。体能训练的目的在于提升以动作为载体的能量供应能力,或能量供应下的动作表现能力。动作和能量代谢同样有助于制定和遴选符合项目需求的体能测试。

Physical fitness is a widely used and controversial concept. Movement and energy metabolism provide a new perspective for understanding physical fitness, undertaking its training and testing. In definition, the physical fitness can be understood in an either broad or narrow sense. Different definitions correspond to either athletes or all human in targeted population, and either strength and conditioning or(physical) fitness in English. Physical fitness can be defined as the output work capacity of human with the carrier of movement, which focuses on the mobility, stability, and functionalization of movement, and is governed by neural system and supported by the three energy systems. The purpose of physical fitness training is developing either the ability of energy supply with the carrier of movement, or the ability of movement performance with the energy supply. Movement and energy metabolism can also be helpful in designing and selecting physical fitness tests with the consideration of sport demand.