运动乐趣:概念、测量与相关变量

Sport Enjoyment: Concepts, Measurements and Variables of Interest

运动乐趣是指个体在参与体育运动过程中由于心理需求得到满足所产生的高兴、愉悦、快乐等中高趋向动机强度的积极情绪、情感体验。近年来,在国家政策的引领以及现实需求的推动下,运动乐趣相关研究备受学界重视。目前,运动乐趣强度主要通过《运动乐趣量表(PACES)》进行测量,随着研究的不断深入,在初始PACES的基础上修订成5个版本,其中4个版本已在我国进行了本土化修订。运动乐趣强度在年龄、性别等人口统计学变量上存在差异,且运动乐趣与运动动机存在重要关联,运动自我效能感与运动乐趣存在双向互惠关系,运动乐趣是促进运动参与和运动承诺最重要的因素。未来应厘清运动乐趣的概念,丰富并完善运动乐趣的测量,深化运动乐趣与相关变量间关系研究,并进一步构建本土化的运动乐趣机制模型,挖掘运动乐趣的产生与发展规律,进而探索行之有效的运动乐趣提升策略。

Sport enjoyment refers to the positive emotions and affective experiences of moderate to high motivational intensity such as pleasure, delight, and joy, which are generated by the satisfaction of psychological needs of individuals in the process of participating in sports. In recent years, the research related to sport enjoyment has received much attention from academic circles with the guidance of national policies and the impetus of realistic needs. At present, the intensity of exercise enjoyment is mainly measured by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(PACES), which has been revised into five versions based on the initial exercise enjoyment scale as the research progresses, and four of them have been revised locally in China. There are differences in the intensity of sport enjoyment in demographic variables such as age and gender, and there are important associations between sport enjoyment and sports motivation. There is a bidirectional mutualistic relationship between sport self-efficacy and sport enjoyment, and sports enjoyment is the most important factor in promoting sport participation and sport commitment. In the future, we should clarify the concept of sport enjoyment, enrich and improve the measurement of sport enjoyment, deepen the research on the relationship between sport enjoyment and related variables, and further build a localized model of sport enjoyment mechanism, explore the law of sport enjoyment generation and development, and then explore effective sport enjoyment enhancement strategies.