首发未服药精神分裂症患者河内塔任务时的脑电图信号特征

Electroencephalogram activity during the Tower of Hanoi task in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

目的:探讨首发未服药精神分裂症患者在冷执行任务执行过程中的认知生理特征。方法:纳入符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者18例和正常对照18例,冷执行功能任务选择经典的河内塔测验(3层),记录反应速度和执行步骤,同时采集执行任务过程中的脑电图数据。结果:患者组每一任务步骤反应时较正常对照组长(P<0.05),两组操作步骤数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组被试在测验中均主要激活0.01~10Hz频段;与对照组相比,患者组在河内塔任务中额-枕和额-顶区域存在功能连接增强(P<0.05),对应的脑网络聚类系数值低,特征路径长度长(P<0.05)。患者组的阳性症状分与其脑网络的聚类系数呈负相关(r=-0.66,P<0.01),与特征路径长度呈正相关(r=0.60,P<0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者的冷执行功能呈现一定程度的损害,特别是流畅性受损;脑网络效率下降,可能与精神分裂症阳性症状严重程度有关。

Objective:To explore the cognitive physiological characters during performing the task of cool executive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Eighteen first-episode patients with schizophrenia meeting the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)(patient group),and 18 normal controls(control group)were enrolled to perform the Tower of Hanoi task with three levels.The reaction time,operative steps,and the Electroencephalogram(EEG)data were recorded during the process.Results:The reaction time of each step was slower in the patient group than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical difference in operative steps(P>0.05).The main activation frequency in the two groups was 0.01-10 Hz.Stronger functional connections were observed in the frontal-occipital and frontal-parietal in the patient group(P<0.05).Lower clustering coefficient and longer characteristic path length in the patient group than these in the control group.Further,there was a negative relationship between positive symptoms and the clustering coefficient(r=-0.66,P<0.01),and the positive relationship between positive symptoms and the characteristic path length(r=0.60,P<0.05).Conclusions:These findings suggest that cool executive function of schizophrenia is out of order in a certain degree,especially the flexibility.The network efficiency of the patient group decreases,which may be related to the severity of positive symptoms in schizophrenia.