海洛因戒断者的跨期决策与时间观的关系

Relationship between intertemporal decision-making and time perspective inheroin abstainers

目的:探讨海洛因戒断者的跨期决策与时间观之间的关系。方法:根据DSM-5选取某强制戒毒所的海洛因戒断者333名,采用金钱选择问卷(MCQ)和津巴多时间洞察力问卷(ZTPI)进行调查,MCQ用来评估跨期决策的延迟折扣率(k值)。结果:海洛因戒断者的k值平均值为0.38,ZTPI过去消极时间观维度得分最高[(3.46±0.60)分],未来时间观维度得分最低[(3.15±0.48)分]。现在宿命观、现在享乐观、过去消极观、过去积极观维度得分均与k值正相关(r=0.16、0.13、0.14,0.10,均P<0.05),而未来时间观维度得分与k值负相关(r=-0.29,P<0.01);回归结果显示,现在享乐时间观得分与k值正向关联(β=0.19),未来时间观得分与k值负向关联(β=-0.33)。结论:海洛因戒断者的跨期决策表现与其时间观密切相关,现在享乐观得分越高的个体越倾向于选择即时的选项,而未来时间观得分越高的个体越倾向于选择延迟的选项。

Objective:To explore the relationship between the intertemporal decision-making andtime perspective in heroin abstainers.Methods:According to DSM-5,333 heroin abstainers in a compulsory detoxification center were selected and investigated with the Monetary Choice Questionnaire(MCQ)and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI).The MCQ was used to evaluate the delayed discount rate(k value)of intertemporal decision-making.Results:The average k value of heroin abstainers was 0.38.In ZTPI,the score of past negative time perspective was the highest(3.46±0.60)and the score of the future time perspective was the lowest(3.15±0.48).The scores of present fatalism,present optimism,past negative perspective and past positive perspective were positively correlated with k value(r=0.16,0.13,0.14,0.10,Ps<0.05),while the scores of future time perspective were negatively correlated with k value(r=-0.29,P<0.01).The regression results showed that the scores of hedonic time perspective were positively associated with k value(β=0.19),and the scores of future time perspective were negatively associated with k value(β=-0.33).Conclusion:The higher the score of current heroin abstainers’optimism,the more they tend to choose the immediate option,and the higher the score of future time perspective,the more they tend to choose the delayed option.