冬闲田混播小麦与豆科牧草对饲草产量、品质和土壤特性的影响

Effects of Mixed Sowing of Wheat and Legume on Forage Yield,Quality and Soil Properties in Winter Fallow Fields

全株小麦具有较高的饲用价值,是许多国家常用的饲料作物。为在我国华南地区冬闲田获取优质高产牧草及改良土壤,于2017~2018年晚稻收割后进行小麦与豆科牧草(紫花苜蓿、箭筈豌豆、紫云英和光叶紫花苕)6∶4混播,研究其对牧草产量、营养价值和土壤特性的影响。结果表明,相比单播,混播牧草的干物质、粗蛋白产量分别增加了0.11%~17.39%和11.76%~30.59%;混播对牧草的干物质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性碳水化合物含量有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01);混播显著提高了土壤的有机质、全氮、速效磷含量以及酶活性(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,DM含量与ADF含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);土壤pH值与酸性磷酸酶活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05);速效磷含量与有机质含量极显著正相关(P<0.01);真菌数量与脲酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合牧草产量、营养和土壤养分中的关键指标,小麦与豆科牧草混播优于小麦单播,其中小麦+光叶紫花苕效果最好。

Whole-crop wheat(Triticum aestivum,WCW)is rich in nutrients and is widely used as a forage crop in many countries or regions.In order to obtain high yield and quality forage and improve soil fertility in the winter fallow fields in South China,we conducted a mixed sowing experiment of wheat and legume forages,including alfalfa(Medicago sativa),common vetch(Vicia sativa,CV),milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)and smooth vetch(Vicia villosa,SV),at ratio of 6∶4 after the harvest of late rice from 2017 to 2018,to study the effects of mixed sowing combinations on forage yield,nutritive value and soil characteristics.The results showed that compared with single sowing,the dry matter and crude protein yield of mixed pasture increased by 0.11%~17.39%and 11.76%~30.59%,respectively.Wheat-legume mixed cultures had significant or extremely significant effects on the contents of dry matter,ether extract,crude ash,acid detergent fiber and water-soluble carbohydrates(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Also,wheat-legume mixed cultures significantly improved soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus contents and enzyme activities(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between DM content and ADF(P<0.05);Soil pH was negatively correlated with acid phosphatase activities(P<0.05);The content of available phosphorus was positively correlated with the content of organic matter(P<0.01);The number of fungi was positively correlated with urease activity(P<0.05).The above results concluded that wheat-legume cultures were better than monoculture wheat,and W+SV were best for planting in South China.