粉煤灰吸附废水中重金属的研究现状与进展

Research status and progress of fly ash adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater

粉煤灰作为煤炭燃烧过程中产生的一种颗粒物,由于其对土壤、水、空气等环境的影响,已成为亟待解决的问题。研究人员在粉煤灰综合利用方面做了许多尝试,利用粉煤灰处理重金属废水,既能解决废水污染问题,又使粉煤灰得以有效利用。粉煤灰的外观、物相、化学成分等特性使其在重金属废水处理中具有潜在的应用前景。而粉煤灰的改性能够有效提高粉煤灰对重金属的吸附能力。归纳了改性粉煤灰吸附废水中重金属的研究进展,分别对火法改性、碱法改性、酸法改性、盐法改性以及其他方法进行了介绍,分析了各种改性手段下不同重金属离子的吸附量、去除率、吸附温度等参数。此外,还着重探讨了粉煤灰对重金属的吸附机理、吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学等,以期为改性粉煤灰在重金属废水处理行业应用提供参考。最后,对粉煤灰在重金属废水处理中的应用现状和发展前景进行了展望。

As a kind of particulate matter produced during coal combustion,fly ash has become an urgent problem to be solved due to its impact on the soil,water,air and other environments.Researchers have made many attempts in the comprehensive utilization of fly ash.Using fly ash to treat heavy metal wastewater can not only solve the problem of wastewater pollution,but also enable the effective use of fly ash.The appearance,phase,chemical composition and other characteristics of fly ash make it have potential application prospects in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.The modification of fly ash can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of fly ash to heavy metals.This article summarized the research progress of modified fly ash to adsorb heavy metals in wastewater,respectively introduced fire modification,alkali modification,acid modification,salt modification and other methods,and analyzed various modification parameters,such as adsorption capacity,removal rate,adsorption temperature of different heavy metal ions under the method.In addition,this article also focused on the adsorption mechanism,adsorption kinetics,adsorption isotherms,adsorption thermodynamics,etc.of fly ash to heavy metals,in order to provide a reference for the application of modified fly ash in the heavy metal wastewater treatment.Finally,the application status and development direction of fly ash in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater were prospected.