基于BIM的建筑物火灾场景构建研究

Study on Fire Scenario Construction of Building Based on BIM

建筑物火灾风险评估与预警是城市灾害应急研究的重要问题。随着建筑物精细化建模的需求日益提高,建筑信息模型中涉及的数据量陡然增加,如何依托海量的建筑信息实现火灾风险的快速、精准预警是建筑物火灾应急研究的热点。以南京林业大学图书馆为例,提出建筑物火灾场景的构建方法,根据“现实中最不利影响”的原则,结合建筑信息模型和时空信息模型,模拟预测建筑物火灾发生影响因子的时空演变特征,运用空间叠加分析提取火灾相对容易发生的空间区域,构建建筑物火灾场景。有效地提升了建筑物火灾风险防控的响应效率,为建筑物火灾风险应急处理提供了理论基础和技术支持。

Building fire risk assessment and early warning is an important problem in urban disaster emergency research.With the increasing demand for refined building modeling,the amount of data involved in building information modeling increases sharply.How to realize rapid and accurate fire risk warning based on massive building information has become a hot topic in building fire emergency research.In this paper,building fire scenario construction method is proposed.Taking the library of Nanjing Forestry University as an example,according to the principle of the most adverse impact in reality,combined with the Building Information Mode,BIM and spatial-temporal Information model were used to simulate and predict the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the influencing factors of building fires.Spatial overlay analysis was used to extract the space areas where fires were relatively prone to occur,and building fire scenarios were constructed.The study of fire scenario construction effectively improves the response efficiency of building fire risk prevention and control,and provides theoretical basis and technical support for emergency management of building fire risk.