基于无人机建模的尾矿库溃坝灾害推演与评估

Deduction and Assessment of Tailings Pond Dam Break Disaster Based on UAV Aerial Survey Modeling

尾矿库是人造高势能危险源,一旦溃坝将对下游人员生命财产等造成严重威胁。为描述尾矿库溃坝后尾砂泥石流演进过程,采用无人机航测技术获取尾矿库影像数据,数据经过畸变校正和空三加密处理后,建立尾矿库三维数字模型,推演尾矿库溃坝事故。以溃坝后3 min、6 min、20 min时间点为例分析水流和尾砂对下游的影响;并在库区下游布设监测点,得出各监测点处水位和尾砂淤积厚度变化规律,以此评估受灾范围和人口,表明溃坝后将会对下游人员生命、财产和环境造成巨大威胁。研究结果对于尾矿库的风险防控、降低损失、应急预案的制定等工作具有重要意义。

Tailings pond is a dangerous source of artificial high potential energy.Once the dam breaks,it will seriously threaten the life and property of downstream people.Therefore,it is very important to carry out the dam break accident deduction of the tailings pond for disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency treatment.In order to describe the evolution process of tailings debris flow after tailings dam break,UAV aerial survey technology was used to obtain the image data of the tailings pond.After the data was processed by distortion correction and air-three encryption,a 3D digital model of the tailings pond was established to deduce the dam break accident of the tailings pond.Taking the time points of 3 minutes,6 minutes,20 minutes after dam break as an example,the influence of water flow and tailings on the downstream is analyzed.Monitoring points were set up in downstream of the reservoir area,and the variation rules of water level and sediment thickness at each monitoring point were obtained to evaluate the affected area and population,which indicates that the dam break will pose a great threat to the life,property and environment of downstream area.This is of great significance to the risk prevention and control of tailings pond and loss reduction and formulation of emergency plan.