先前知识经验对远距离水平映射规则内隐学习的限制

Constrains of Prior Knowledge on Implicit Learning of Nonadjacent Inversion Dependency

先前研究发现远距离规则能够被内隐地习得和迁移,表明内隐学习获得的知识是底层的抽象规则,那么这一抽象规则的习得和迁移是否会受到先前知识经验的限制?研究采用汉语声调的远距离水平映射规则为材料,通过创设不符合平仄知识经验的任意声调水平映射规则,在控制组块和重复结构等表面特征的条件下,探讨先前知识经验是否限制了远距离水平映射规则的内隐学习和迁移。结果发现相对于符合平仄知识经验的汉语声调水平映射规则,被试不能够内隐地习得和迁移任意声调的水平映射规则,表明先前知识经验在远距离水平映射规则内隐学习过程中发挥着重要作用。

It has been already established that people could implicitly learn to detect and transfer nonadjacent inversion dependencies, which suggested that people could learn the abstract underlying structure rather than chunks.The current research aimed to investigate the role that prior knowledge played in what structures could be implicitly learnt.Using artificial poetry and an arbitrary classification of tones(i.e.,in the absence of prior knowledge of ping and ze categories),participants were requested to listen to tonal syllable strings which followed one of inversion rule of tones(inversion rule of tone 1 and tone 2 or inversion rule of tone 3 and tone 4)in the training phase and then they were asked to finish two parts of classification task(both of the inversion rule were all tested)in the test phase.The results showed that when an arbitrary classification of tones was used, people could not implicitly learn the inversion rule and transfer the inversion rule to new tonal syllables(unlike when they did have prior knowledge of the tone types).The result indicate the constrains of prior knowledge on implicit learning of nonadjacent inversion dependency.