黄河中游地区生态系统服务的时空演变及权衡与协同关系研究

Spatial-temporal evolution,tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services in the middle Yellow River

明晰黄河中游地区生态系统服务的权衡协同关系,是保证生态系统服务长期有效供应,实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的重要前提。本文利用InVEST模型、ArcGIS和Matlab等工具对2000—2020年黄河中游地区的土壤保持、水源涵养、固碳以及生境质量服务的时空特征及其协同权衡关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)黄河中游地区土壤保持、水源涵养和生境质量服务总体呈上升趋势,而固碳服务呈波动下降趋势;(2)2000—2020年,土壤保持、水源涵养服务总体表现为“南高北低”,其高、低值区有所变动;固碳服务整体呈“东南高、西北低”,高、低值区变化不明显;生境质量服务高、低值区相间分布,高值区稍有扩散;(3)黄河中游地区固碳与生境质量服务、生境质量与水源涵养服务、水源涵养与土壤保持服务为协同关系,固碳与土壤保持服务、生境质量与土壤保持服务为权衡关系,而固碳与水源涵养服务整体上表现为不相关;(4)生境质量与水源涵养、土壤保持服务的权衡区面积比例呈上升趋势,而水源涵养和土壤保持服务的协同区面积比例呈上升趋势,固碳与其他服务在大部分区域表现为不相关关系。

Background,aim,and scope Clarifying the tradeoffs and synergies relationship of ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is an important prerequisite for ensuring long-term effective supply of ecosystem services and realizing ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.This study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services and the changes of tradeoffs and synergies relationship in the middle reaches of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2020,and it provides decision-making reference for ensuring the long-term and effective supply of ecosystem services and promoting ecological protection and high-quality development.Materials and methods Based on the meteorological data,soil attribute data,land use data and digital elevation model(DEM)data from 2000 to 2020,the InVEST model were used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of soil conservation,water conservation,carbon sequestration and habitat quality services in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and the autocorrelation analysis method were used to investigate the tradeoffs and synergies relationship of different ecosystem services and their spatial-temporal evolution characteristics.Results(1)Soil conservation,water conservation and habitat quality services in the middle reaches of the Yellow River showed an upward trend,while carbon sequestration services showed a fluctuated downward trend.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the overall performance of soil conservation and water conservation services is“high in the south and low in the north”,and their high and low values have changed.The overall performance of carbon sequestration service was“high in the southeast and low in the northwest”,and the change of high and low values was not obvious.The high and low values of habitat quality service were distributed interchangeably,and the high values were diffused slightly.(3)In the middle reaches of the Yellow River,carbon sequestration and habitat quality services,habitat quality and water conservation services,water conservation and soil conservation services are synergistic,carbon sequestration and soil conservation services,habitat quality and soil conservation services are tradeoff,while carbon sequestration and water conservation services are not correlated.(4)The proportion of tradeoff area between habitat quality,water conservation and soil conservation services showed an upward trend,while the proportion of synergy area between water conservation and soil conservation services an increasing trend.There was no correlation between carbon sequestration and other services in most areas.Discussion As an important ecological barrier and economic development area,different types of ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yellow River show different temporal and spatial patterns with human activities and natural changes.With the rapid development of social economy and the enhancement of people’s awareness of environmental protection,combined with the policy guidance of returning farmland to forest(grass)and comprehensive management of soil erosion,the functions of soil conservation,water containment and habitat quality have been promoted.However,extreme weather caused by human activities and climate change will have a greater impact in the areas with higher vegetation coverage,and new ecological problems continue to emerge,resulting in a slight decline in soil conservation and habitat quality.Human economic activities combined with the ecological vulnerability of the study area will cause certain periodic fluctuations of some ecosystem services and change of tradeoffs and synergies relationship.The increase in the area of the habitat quality,water conservation and soil conservation tradeoff is because of the farmland to forest(grass)may lead to the increase of actual evapotranspiration and the decrease of water content,while the unreasonable use of land by humans may reduce the habitat quality.The interrelationship between coordinated ecological development,environmental change and human activities is of great significance for improving the balance and coordination among ecosystem services and ensuring the high-quality development of the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Conclusions From 2000 to 2020,the changes of ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yellow River showed different patterns.Soil conservation,water conservation and habitat quality services showed an upward trend,while carbon sequestration services showed a downward trend,and there were obvious differences in space.In this area,there is a synergistic relationship between the habitat quality and water conservation,habitat quality and carbon sequestration,water conservation and soil conservation,soil conservation and carbon sequestration,habitat quality are in a tradeoff relationship,and carbon sequestration and water conservation is not relevant.In terms of spatial distribution,the area proportion of the tradeoff area between habitat quality and water conservation and soil conservation services continued to increase,while the area proportion of the synergistic area of water conservation and soil conservation services continued to increase.Carbon sequestration and other services showed an irrelevant relationship in most areas.Recommendations and perspectives In the following ecological protection and management,combine the environmental characteristics of the study area,the key to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development is to plan vegetation restoration reasonably,and appropriately limit human economic activities.