黄河流域生态服务价值与经济协调发展的时空演化研究

Analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordinated development of ecosystem service value and economy in the Yellow River Basin

厘清黄河流域生态现状,分析生态系统服务时空演化特征及与经济协调发展情况,对提升区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。基于黄河流域9省区2000—2020年土地利用数据及国民经济发展数据,测算生态系统服务价值及经济与生态环境协调指数,揭示黄河流域生态系统服务价值时空演化特征及与经济协调发展关系,结果表明:(1)2000—2020年黄河流域全域生态服务价值(ESV)持续增长,由2000年的7020.74亿元增长到2020年的25598.24亿元;(2)研究期内,黄河流域经济与生态协调发展存在显著空间相关性,且人类活动及土地利用方式对生态系统服务价值影响较大,高度冲突区逐渐集中于上游青海、四川、甘肃等省区内经济欠发达地区和下游河南、山东等省区内人类干扰密度较高的地区;(3)研究区经济与生态环境协调发展空间分布不均衡,2000—2020年空间集聚态势逐步加大,且冲突区面积远大于协调区,中下游及下游区域两极分化现象明显;(4)研究区内不同区域资源禀赋与生态环境差异较大,要因地制宜,找出不同区域适合自身发展的路径,综合推动黄河流域经济发展与生态环境保护的耦合协调发展。

Background,aim,and scope Currently,the primary task of regional development is to promote the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure as well as to promote the coordinated development of the regional ecological environment and economic construction.It is thus of great practical value to explore the relationship between economic development and the ecological environment.In this paper,taking the Yellow River Basin as the research object,we aim to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the ecosystem service value and coordinated development between the ecosystem service value and economy in the Yellow River Basin.Further,we seek to provide theoretical support for the coordinated development of the regional ecological environment and economic construction in the Yellow River Basin and a scientific basis for regional coordinated development.Materials and methods Based on land use data and national economic development data representing 9 provinces(or autonomous regions)of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020,this study calculated the ecosystem service value and the coordination index between the economy and the ecological environment.Results The results showed that(1)the ecosystem service value of the Yellow River Basin continued to increase from 702.074 billion yuan to 2559.824 billion yuan during 2000—2020.(2)During the study period,the areas with highly deteriorating coordinated economic and ecological development in the Yellow River Basin gradually concentrated in economically underdeveloped areas,such as Qinghai,Sichuan and Gansu provinces,and in areas with high human interference densities,such as Henan and Shandong provinces.(3)The spatial agglomeration trend of coordinated economic and ecological development in the Yellow River Basin has gradually increased.The deteriorated area is much larger than the coordinated area,and the coordinated development in the central and eastern regions shows a significant polarization phenomenon.Discussion The coordination of economic development and ecological environmental protection in the Yellow River Basin exhibit quite different spatial scales among different years.The main reason for these differences derives from the extensive use of economic development methods.A“one-size-fits-all”phenomenon is observed in economic development and ecological protection without considering location-specific advantages or ecological environment protection.In the upstream region of the Yellow River Basin,the ecological environment is fragile.It is necessary to curb ecological degradation,accelerate the restoration of important ecosystems,and strengthen functions such as water conservation.In the middle-stream region of the Yellow River Basin,it is necessary to implement protective development,build an“ecological-economic”integrated development model,and seize the opportunity to accelerate economic development under the influence of the Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration in Shaanxi and the Urban Agglomeration in Central Shanxi.At the same time,a two-pronged approach will be taken to protect the function of regional soil and water conservation and increase the comprehensive treatment of soil erosion.In the lower stream of the Yellow River Basin,development plays a leading role in economic development and links the economy of the entire river basin to promote common development.Conclusions(1)From 2000 to 2020,there was significant spatial correlation between coordinated economic and ecological development in the Yellow River Basin,and human activities and land use patterns greatly impacted the ecosystem service value.(2)The spatial distribution of coordinated development between the economic and ecological environments was uneven among the upper,middle and lower streams of the Yellow River Basin.(3)The resource endowments and ecological environment differ extensively across the Yellow River Basin.It is necessary to determine the paths suitable for regional development in different regions according to local conditions to comprehensively promote the coupling and coordinated development of economic expansion and ecological environmental protection in the Yellow River Basin.Recommendations and perspectives Regarding the issue of sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin,it is necessary to solve the contradiction between the regional ecological environment and economic construction according to the coupling characteristics and influencing factors of the regional ecological environment and economic construction.