不同立地环境对芳樟精油产量及质量的影响

Effects of Different Site Environments on the Yield a nd Quality of Essential Oil in Cinnamomum camphora var.Linaloolifera Fujita Forest

为提高油用芳樟林的经营效益,促进芳樟林的可持续经营,系统研究了坡向、坡位对芳樟生物量、精油产量和品质的影响,并对芳樟生长指标与土壤养分含量进行相关性分析。结果表明:2年生芳樟油用林的平均生物量、产油量、芳樟醇含量东南坡均显著高于西北坡,东南坡的平均生物量为7744.77 kg·hm^(-2),平均产油量为168.15 kg·hm^(-2),芳樟醇含量平均152.14 kg·hm^(-2);西北坡平均生物量为3840.30 kg·hm^(-2),平均产油量为81.80 kg·hm^(-2),精油芳樟醇含量平均72.88 kg·hm^(-2)。从同一坡向不同坡位来看,2年生芳樟油用林的平均生物量、产油量、芳樟醇含量下坡均显著高于中、上坡。枝叶含油量在不同坡向、不同坡位间差异均不显著。芳樟的株高、地径、冠幅与土壤全钾和速效钾有显著的正相关,枝叶含油量和芳樟醇含量与土壤养分相关性不显著。综上,东南坡的下坡种植芳樟,其生物量、精油得率及品质较好;且可通过适当施用钾肥,以促进芳樟的生长。研究结果可为油用芳樟可持续高效培育提供参考。

To improve the operating efficiency and promote the sustainable management of oil Cinnamomum camphora var.Linaloolifera Fujita forest,we studied the effect of slope aspect,slope position on the biomass,essential oil yield and quality of C.camphora systematically,and the correlation between the growth indexes and soil available nutrients in soil was analyzed.The results showed the average biomass,yield of essential oil,and content of linalool of 2-year C.camphora on the southeast slope were significantly higher than those on the northwest slope.The average biomass,yield of essential oil,and linalool content of 2-year C.camphora on the southeast slope were 7744.77 kg·hm^(-2),168.15 kg·hm^(-2),and 152.14 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.While the average biomass,yield of essential oil,and linalool content of 2-year C.camphora on the northwest slope were 3840.30 kg·hm^(-2),81.80 kg·hm^(-2) and 72.88 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.For slope position,the average biomass,oil yield and linalool content of the 2-year C.camphora in the lower slope were significantly higher than those in the middle and upper slope.There was no significant difference in the oil content of branches and leaves in different slope directions and positions.The plant height,ground diameter and crown amplitude of C.camphora showed a significant correlation with total K and available K,but there was no significant correlation between oil and linalool content and soil nutrients.In conclusion,the biomass,essential oil yield and quality on the lower slope of the southeast slope were better than that on the northwest slope.The results provided scientific evidence for the efficient cultivation of oil C.camphora forest.