马克思政治经济学批判的起源及其内生性探究

A Study on the Origin and Endogeneity of Karl Marx’s Critique of Political Economy

马克思政治经济学批判的起源问题尤其针对起源内生性机制的研究,是马克思主义发展史、马克思主义基本原理研究的重要环节,但一直是国内外研究的薄弱之处。在马克思思想发展历程中,存在一个区别于外部理论来源的政治经济学批判起源的内生性机制,即青年马克思在直接接触英法资产阶级政治经济学之前对各种蕴含政治经济学思想的理论资源的思考和探究。进而,这些思考和探究构成了马克思后来系统研究政治经济学、开展政治经济学批判的内在理论准备。起源的内生性包括理论和历史的双重维度:理论维度是指马克思对以黑格尔法哲学为中介的政治经济学的思考,历史维度是指马克思对以法国大革命史为代表的政治经济史的探究。通过“史论结合”的内生性探索,马克思超越了市民社会与政治国家的二重性分裂以及市民社会的自我分裂,从国家哲学批判转向市民社会批判,为系统地进行政治经济学批判夯实了思想基础。

The origin of Karl Marx’s critique of political economy,especially his study of the endogenous mechanism of the origin,is an important link in the history of the development of Marxism and in the basic principles of Marxism,but it is always a weak study point of domestic and foreign scholarship.In the course of the development of Marx’s thought,there was an endogenous mechanism of the origin of the critique of political economy,which is different from the external theoretical sources,that is,the young Marx’s thinking and exploration of various theoretical resources containing political economy thoughts before directly contacting the bourgeois political economy of Britain and France.Furthermore,the thinking and exploration later constituted the inner theoretical preparation for Marx’s systematic study of political economy and for his critique of political economy.The endogeneity of the origin includes both theoretical and historical dimensions:the theoretical dimension refers to Marx’s thinking of political economy mediated by Hegel’s philosophy of right,while the historical dimension refers to Marx’s exploration of the history of political economy represented by the history of the French Revolution.Through the investigation into the endogeneity by the integration of history and theory,Marx overcame the dual division between civil society and political state and the self-division of civil society,turned from the critique of state philosophy to the critique of civil society,and laid a solid ideological foundation for the systematic critique of political economy.