早期马克思“感性”概念的现象学阐释及其哲学变革意蕴

A Phenomenological Interpretation of Early Marx’s Concept of“Sensibility”and Its Implications for Philosophical Revolution

“感性”在早期马克思那里不仅只是一个知识论向度的日常经验性概念,而且也是一个生存论向度的、具有“现象学视野高度”的哲学概念。从“何以可能”“何以界定”“何以展开”三个维度对该“感性”概念进行现象学阐释,认为“现象学视野高度的感性”的本质是对人的生存实践活动的一种“体验”,而不是人的感性直观的一种“认识”。以此“感性”概念的现象学阐释为线索,认为马克思哲学开启了“双元”变革:在本体论上,由物质本体论转变为“实践本体论”,“实践”就是作为人的一种最始源的生存情态——主客体之间本源性的一体性、对象性关联;在认识论上,由符合论的真理观转变为实践自明性的真理观。

"Sensibility"in early Marx was not only a daily empirical concept in the dimension of epistemology,but also a philosophical concept in the dimension of existentialism with a"phenomenological perspective".By revealing the three dimensions of"how possible","how to define"and"how to develop"in the phenomenological interpretation of concept of"perception",it can be concluded that the essence of"perception from the perspective of phenomenology"is a kind of"experience"of human survival practice activities,rather than a kind of"knowledge"of human perceptual intuition.Taking the phenomenological interpretation of the concept of"sensibility"as a clue,it started the dual transformation of Marx’s new philosophy:in ontology,from material ontology to"practical ontology",the practice here,as a way of human existence,expresses a kind of most original living mode of human beings-the original,integrated and objective relationship between subject and object;In epistemology,from the truth view of correspondence theory,to the truth view of practical self clarity.