文艺审美的语境论悖论与深层逻辑

The Paradox and Deep Logic of Context Theory in Literary Aesthetics

文艺批评是一种审美价值判断行为,判断必然是在“间性”的关系语境中完成的。语境的相对主义倾向并不会削平文学的审美价值,因为文学语境的审美并非秉持不可理解性和特殊性的“相对主义”式的,而是遵循“相对性”原则,这恰好是艺术审美趣味多样性和意义多元化的呈现。审美相对性背后是文学的价值普遍性;文学审美表层的差异性来自文学审美价值的“个人偏好”和“历史-文化”价值观;文学深层的共通性源自“普适性生命诉求”。更进一步说,深层审美判断(审美的“普遍传达性”和“共通感”)来自人性的共同性,而人性本身的稳固性又可以追溯到康德时代科学理性和自由意志的争辩,其在当代的表征是基因决定论与语境决定论之间的论争。

Literary criticism is an act of judging aesthetic values, and the judgment must be completed in the context of “intersexuality” relations. The relativistic tendency of context does not flatten the aesthetic value of literature, because the aesthetic of literary context does not adhere to the incomprehensibility and particularity of “relativism”, but follows the principle of “relativity”, which happens to be the presentation of diversified aesthetic tastes and diversified meanings. Behind the aesthetic relativity is the universality of literary value;the difference in the aesthetic surface of literature comes from the “personal preference” and “historical-cultural” values of literary aesthetic value;the deep commonality of literature comes from the “universal life appeal”. Furthermore, deep aesthetic judgments(the “universal communication” and “sense of commonality” of aesthetics) come from the commonality of human nature, and the stability of human nature itself can be traced back to the debate between scientific rationality and free will in the Kant era. Its contemporary representation is Controversy between genetic determinism and contextual determinism.