不同培肥模式对陕南地区幼龄茶园土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Soil Nutrients in Young Tea Gardens in Southern Shaanxi

针对陕南丘陵山区幼龄茶园水土流失、养分失衡、产量低等问题,本试验以商南县安沟村茶园为对象,设置2种施肥处理和3种覆盖处理,采用随机区组设计,以当地现行的纯化肥无覆盖农户模式为对照,通过大田试验对不同培肥模式下的茶园土壤理化性质进行比较,以探索适宜当地幼龄茶园的最佳培肥模式。结果表明:与纯施化肥相比,配施有机肥能显著提高陕南地区幼龄茶园土壤的有机质、速效养分和土壤交换性酸含量;与无覆盖处理相比,稻草覆盖处理能显著提高陕南地区幼龄土壤的有机质、全氮、速效钾含量,而砂石覆盖对土壤速效钾的含量有显著提高;覆盖、配施有机肥均能提高土壤pH值,对防止茶园土壤酸化有积极作用。推荐化肥和有机肥混施与5 cm稻草覆盖的培肥模式为陕南地区幼龄茶园最佳培肥模式。

Aiming at the problems of soil and water loss,nutrient imbalance and low yield in young tea gardens in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi,this experiment was conducted in two fertilizer treatments and three mulching treatments in the tea gardens of Angou Village,Shangnan County,using a randomized group design was used,with the current local pure fertilizer uncovered farmer model as control,to compare the soil physicochemical properties of tea gardens under different fertilization modes through field experiments,in order to explore the best fertilization mode for local young tea gardens.The results showed that compared with pure chemical fertilizer,combined application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter,available nutrients and soil exchangeable acid of young tea garden soils in southern Shaanxi;compared with the no-mulch treatment,the straw mulching treatment significantly increased the organic matter,total nitrogen and fast-acting potassium content of young soils in southern Shaanxi,while the gravel mulching significantly increased the fast-acting potassium content of soils;both mulching and organic fertilizer application increased the soil pH,which had a positive effect on preventing soil acidification in tea gardens.It is recommended that the fertilizer cultivation mode of mixed application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer and 5 cm straw mulch is the best fertilizer cultivation mode for young tea gardens in southern Shaanxi.