基于生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的武汉市生态安全格局评价

Evaluation of ecological security pattern in Wuhan City based on the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity

生态型现代化城市是国家生态文明建设的重要支撑,构建生态安全格局是实现城市生态优先、绿色发展的重要基础。以武汉市为例,利用生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性识别生态源地,通过最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道,判别生态节点,构建武汉市生态安全格局。结果表明:武汉市共有98个生态源地,面积为2214.7 km^(2),占全市总面积的25.82%,生态源地类型主要为水体,符合武汉市江河纵横、湖泊星布的水资源生态特点;提取重要生态廊道80条,长度为928 km,廊道相互交错,形成“五横四纵”的稳定生态网络结构;判别了6个生态节点(生态廊道的关键区位,保障生态空间整体连通性),最终组合构建了武汉市综合生态安全格局网络体系。以“源地—生态廊道—生态节点”模式的生态格局构建,能够识别重要生态功能区,明确区域生态安全风险,可为武汉市的城市生态安全保护和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。

Ecological modern city is an important support for the construction of national ecological civilization,and the construction of ecological security pattern is an important basis for the realization of urban ecological priority and green development.Taking Wuhan City as an example,the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity were used to identify the ecological sources,the ecological corridor was extracted through the minimum cumulative resistance model,the ecological nodes were identified,and the ecological security pattern of Wuhan City was constructed.The results showed that there were 98 ecological sources in Wuhan City,covering an area of 2214.7 km^(2) and accounting for 25.82%of the total area of the city.The main type of ecological source was water,and it conformed to the ecological characteristics of water resources of rivers and lakes in Wuhan City with crisscross rivers and scattered lakes.80 important ecological corridors were extracted,with a length of 928 km.The corridors were staggered to form a stable ecological network structure of"five horizontal and four vertical".6 ecological nodes,or the key location of the ecological corridor to ensure the overall connectivity of ecological space,were identified.Finally,the network system of comprehensive ecological security pattern in Wuhan City was constructed.The construction of ecological patterns based on the model of"source-ecological corridor-ecological node"could identify important ecological functional areas,clarify regional ecological security risks,and provide a scientific basis for the protection of urban ecological security and regional sustainable development of Wuhan City.