财政转移支付、就业机会与相对贫困缓解

Fiscal Transfer Payments,Employment Opportunities and Relative Poverty Alleviation

在贫困治理进入到以相对贫困为核心的现实背景下,文章基于2008—2020年省级面板数据,将财政转移支付拆分为一般转移支付与专项转移支付,实证检验财政转移支付与相对贫困缓解间的关系。结果表明:财政转移支付对相对贫困缓解具有显著的正向影响,其中专项财政转移支付的促进作用优于一般性财政转移支付。进一步检验传导途径发现,财政转移支付会通过增加就业机会缓解相对贫困,即就业机会在财政转移支付与相对贫困缓解之间发挥中介作用。为此,应当建立财政转移支付减贫长效机制,提升专项财政转移支付比重,增加就业岗位供给,进而强化财政转移支付缓解相对贫困的效能。

In the context of poverty governance with relative poverty as the core,this paper divides the financial transfer payment into general transfer payment and special transfer payment,and empirically tests the relationship between financial transfer payment and relative poverty alleviation based on the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2020.The results show that fiscal transfer payments have a significant positive impact on relative poverty alleviation,and the promotion of special fiscal transfer payments is better than general fiscal transfer payments.Further testing the transmission path,it is found that fiscal transfer payment will alleviate relative poverty by increasing employment opportunities,indicating that employment opportunities play an intermediary role between fiscal transfer payment and relative poverty alleviation.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism for fiscal transfer payments to reduce poverty,increase the proportion of special fiscal transfer payments,strengthen the supply of jobs,so as to strengthen the effectiveness of fiscal transfer payments in alleviating relative poverty.