生物滞留设施运行常见问题及调控措施研究进展

Research Progress of Common Problems and Controlling Measures in Operation of Bioretention Facilities

生物滞留设施在调节径流、净化水质、防止氮、磷污染等方面起着至关重要的作用。然而,在实际运行过程中,还存在基质堵塞、污染物累积、过滤层冲刷侵蚀、植物死亡等问题,影响设施的有效运行与景观生态效益。针对以上问题,从源头减量、工艺设计、运行维护3个方面对国内外海绵城市生物滞留设施的调控措施进行系统归纳和总结,并在此基础上提出了污染物源头减排、使用新型融雪剂、添加预处理设施、改善运行方式、改良填料组合与填充方式、优选植物种类、更换受损覆盖层与建立动态监测体系的一系列措施,充分发挥生物滞留设施在调节径流、净化水质与改善水环境方面的综合功能,有助于海绵城市生物滞留设施的长期高效运行。

Bioretention facilities(BRFs)play an important role in regulating runoff,purifying wastewater and preventing pollutions caused by nitrogen and phosphorus.However,in the actual operation process,a series of problems are common existed in the BRFs,such as clogging of packings,accumulation of pollutants,erosion of filter layer and death of plant,which affect the effective operation and ecological benefits of the facilities inevitably.For these problems,the conventional operation and maintenance measures for BRF applied to sponge city at home and abroad are summarized systematically from three aspects:source reduction,process design and operation and maintenance.Finally,corresponding controlling measures are recommended,such as reducing source pollutants,applying novel snowmelt agents,equipping pre-treatment facilities,improving packing materials,optimizing plant species,updating damaged cover and vegetation,and building dynamic management system.This work provides alternative strategies for the construction as well as long-term efficient operation of BRF,which plays a vital role in runoff regulation,water quality purification and water environment improvement in sponge city.