废塑料脱氯技术现状及产业化进展

Status and industrialization progress in dechlorination technologies for waste plastics

废塑料化学回收再利用已成为研究热点,但在含氯废塑料化学回收过程中,氯化物对生产装置有强腐蚀性,同时污染环境、降低产品质量。通过对我国现行关于含氯量的相关排放标准的解析,脱氯技术的发展是完善废塑料化学回收工艺的重要途径。详细介绍了国内外各脱氯技术(分选技术、机械技术、溶剂脱氯技术和分步热分解技术、吸附技术和催化技术)的特点、反应机理及产业化应用情况,分析比较了各技术的优缺点,提出了组合脱氯技术以加快推进含氯废塑料化学回收工艺的发展。

The chemical recycling of waste plastics has become a research hotspot.However,in the chemical recycling process of the waste plastics containing chlorine,the chlorides are highly corrosive to the production equipment.This leads to the environmental pollution as well as a reduction in product quality.Through the analysis of the current relevant emission standards for chlorine content in our country,the development of dechlorination technology is recognized to be an important way to improve the chemical recycling process of waste plastics.At present,the domestic and foreign dechlorination technologies mainly include sorting,machinery,solvent dechlorination,step-by-step thermal decomposition,adsorption,and catalysis technologies.The characteristics,reaction mechanisms,and industrial applications of various dechlorination technologies were introduced in detail.Moreover,the advantages and disadvantages of each technology were analyzed and compared.A combined dechlorination technology was proposed to accelerate the development of chemical recovery process of chlorine-containing waste plastics.