基于理想点法的高速铁路列车停站方案优化

High-speed train stop schedule optimization based on ideal point method

针对高速铁路列车停站方案优化问题,结合铁路运输按流开车、大客流优先的特点,根据乘客对列车的选择方式,即乘客会选择在途时间最短的列车,提出了一种适用于铁路的客流分配方式,并命名为大客流优先分配法.建立了以列车总停站次数、列车空费能力、旅客时间损失最小为目标,满足客流、列车运输能力、每辆列车停站次数、始发终到站及重点车站停站约束的多目标高速铁路列车停站方案优化模型,并设计了以理想点法为适应度函数的遗传算法进行求解.最后,对京沪高铁的实例进行验证.研究表明:优化后列车停站方案的总停站次数降低了7.92%,列车空费能力降低了19.84%,旅客损失时间降低了41.52%.研究成果可为列车停站方案的制定提供合理参考.

To optimize the high-speed train stop schedule,this paper considers the characteristics of driving according to passenger flow and priority of large passenger flow in railway transportation.And according to the passenger’s choice of train,that is,passengers will choose the train with the shortest transit time,a passenger flow distribution method suitable for railways is proposed and named as distribution with large passenger flow as priority.The goal is to minimize the total number of train stops,the train stop cost,and the passenger time loss,and to meet the multiple constrains including passenger flow,train transportation capacity,the number of stops per train,departure and end arrivals,and key station stops.A constrained multi-objective high-speed train stop schedule optimization model is therefore established,and an improved genetic algorithm with ideal point method as the fitness function is designed to solve the problem.Finally,a case study of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is conducted,Results show that the total number of stops after adopting the optimized train stop schedule has been reduced by 7.92%,the train stop cost has been reduced by 19.84%,and the passenger time loss has been reduced by 41.52%.The research results can provide a reasonable reference for the formulation of the train stop schedule.